Aniline: Ikinyabutabire cy’umwimerere gikoreshwa mu guha irangi, imiti, n’ibindi byinshi

Intangiriro ngufi:

Aniline, izwi kandi nka aminobenzene, ni imvange y’umwimerere ifite formula ya C6H7N. Ni amavuta adafite ibara atangira kubora iyo ashyushye kugeza kuri 370°C. Nubwo ashongesha gato mu mazi, aniline ishongesha byoroshye muri ethanol, ether, n’ibindi bintu bishongesha umubiri. Iyi mvange ifite akamaro kanini, ikaba imwe mu mvange z’ingenzi mu nganda zitandukanye.

Imiterere y'umubiri n'imiti:

Ubucucike: 1.022g/cm3

Aho gushonga: -6.2℃

Aho ubushyuhe bushyuha: 184℃

Aho ubushyuhe bugarukira: 76℃

Igipimo cyo gusubiza inyuma: 1.586 (20℃)

Ishusho: Ikinyabutabire kitagira ibara cyangwa umuhondo woroshye

Gushonga: gushonga gato mu mazi, gushonga muri ethanol, ether, benzene

Porogaramu:

Imwe mu mikoreshereze ikomeye ya aniline ni mu gukora amarangi. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ibintu bifite amabara iyo ihujwe n'ibindi binyabutabire bituma iba nziza mu gukora amarangi meza kandi aramba. Amarangi ya aniline akoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye, harimo imyenda, pulasitiki, n'ibikoresho by'uruhu. Bakoresheje amarangi ashingiye kuri aniline, abakora bashobora kugera ku mabara atandukanye adashira, bakareba ko ibicuruzwa bikomeza kumera neza uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Byongeye kandi, aniline igira uruhare runini mu gukora imiti n'imiti. Nk'inkingi ikomeye mu buhanga bw'imiti ikomoka ku binyabuzima, aniline ikoreshwa nk'igikoresho cy'ibanze mu gukora imiti myinshi. Ibigo bikora imiti byishingikiriza ku bikomoka kuri aniline kugira ngo bikore imiti ivura indwara zitandukanye. Ubushobozi bwo guhindura imiterere ya aniline butuma abashakashatsi bashobora gukora imiti ifite ingaruka nziza ku buvuzi.

Byongeye kandi, aniline ikoreshwa mu gukora resins. Resins ni ingenzi mu gukora pulasitiki, kole, n'amabara. Mu gushyira aniline mu buryo bwa resins, abakora bongera imbaraga, kuramba, no koroshya umusaruro wa nyuma. Ibi bituma habaho ibikoresho byiza bishobora kwihanganira ibihe bigoye kandi bigatanga igihe kirekire.

Ubuhanga bwa Aniline burenga amarangi, imiti n'amaresini. Ikoreshwa kandi nk'umuvuduko w'ingufu za rubber. Ibikoresho bya rubber, nk'amapine n'imikandara yo gutwara ibintu, bisaba vulcanization kugira ngo byongere imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa bwabyo. Aniline ifasha mu kwihutisha inzira ya vulcanization, bigatuma ikorwa rya rubber rirushaho kuba ryiza. Mu gushyira aniline nk'umuvuduko w'ingufu, abakora bashobora kugabanya igihe cyo gukora no kunoza ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa bya rubber muri rusange.

Uretse gukoreshwa mu nganda, aniline ishobora no gukoreshwa nk'irangi ry'umukara ubwaryo. Iyi miterere ituma ikundwa mu nzego zitandukanye z'ubuhanzi n'ubuhanzi. Abahanzi n'abanyabukorikori bashobora gukoresha aniline mu gukora amabara yirabura yijimye yongera itandukaniro, ubujyakuzimu, n'ubukire ku bihangano byabo. Amabara yayo akomeye no guhuza n'uburyo butandukanye bituma habaho ubwiza n'ubushakashatsi mu buhanzi.

Byongeye kandi, ibikomoka kuri aniline, nka methyl orange, bikoreshwa nk'ibipimo mu miterere ya aside-base. Ibi bipimo ni ingenzi mu kugena aho igerageza rya titration rigarukira, hagapimwa neza ibipimo. Methyl orange, ikomoka kuri aniline, ihindura ibara iyo pH y'umuti igeze ku rugero runaka. Ibi bituma abahanga mu bya siyansi n'abahanga mu bya shimi bakurikirana neza kandi bagasesengura ingaruka ziba mu miterere.

Gupfunyika ibicuruzwa:200kg/ingoma

Ingamba zo kwirinda mu mikorere:Gukorera mu buryo bufunze, gutanga umwuka uhagije wo mu kirere. Gukorera mu buryo bukoresha imashini kandi bwikora uko bishoboka kose. Abakora bagomba kuba barahuguwe by'umwihariko kandi bakubahiriza amabwiriza y'imikorere. Ni byiza ko umukoresha yambara agapfukamunwa ka gaze gashobora kuyungurura (igice cya kabiri cya gaze), indorerwamo zo kwirinda, imyenda yo gukora irinda, n'uturindantoki twa peteroli. Bika kure y'umuriro n'ubushyuhe. Nta kunywa itabi mu kazi. Koresha uburyo bwo guhumeka butuma umwuka udaturika. Birinda umwuka uva mu mwuka wo mu kazi. Irinde ko byagera kuri ogisijeni na aside. Mu gihe cyo gukora, gupakira no gupakurura ibintu byoroheje bigomba gukorwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'ibipfunyika n'ibikoresho. Bifite ubwoko n'ingano y'ibikoresho byo gutwika n'ibikoresho byo kwivuza byihutirwa. Ibikoresho birimo ubusa bishobora kuba bifite ibisigazwa byangiza.

Ibipimo byo kwirinda kubika:Bika mu bubiko bukonje kandi bufite umwuka mwiza. Bika kure y'umuriro n'ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bw'ikigega ntibugomba kurenga 30°C, kandi ubushyuhe ntibugomba kurenga 80%. Bika kure y'urumuri. Ipaki igomba gufungwa kandi ntihure n'umwuka. Igomba kubikwa ukwayo n'ibinyabutabire, aside n'imiti iribwa, kandi ntigomba kuvangwa. Ifite ubwoko n'ingano by'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kuzimya umuriro. Ahabikwa hagomba kuba hari ibikoresho byo kuvura byihutirwa biva amazi n'ibikoresho bikwiye byo kubikamo.

Muri make, aniline ni imvange y’ibinyabuzima ifite akamaro kanini kandi ikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye. Kuva ku marangi n’imiti kugeza ku gukora kawucu n’ibikorwa by’ubuhanzi, akamaro ka aniline ntigashobora kwangizwa. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ibintu bifite amabara menshi, ikaba inkingi y’ubwubatsi bw’imiti, no gukora nk’umuvuduko w’ingufu bituma iba ikintu cy’agaciro. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa ryayo nk’irangi ry’umukara n’ikimenyetso cy’aside bigaragaza uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha aniline. Uko inganda zikomeza guhanga udushya no gutera imbere, aniline nta gushidikanya ko izakomeza kuba ingenzi mu mikorere n’ibicuruzwa byayo.