Mu 2025, inganda zikora irangi zirimo kwihuta ziganisha ku ntego ebyiri zo "guhindura ibidukikije" no "kuvugurura imikorere." Mu nzego zikora irangi ku rwego rwo hejuru nko gutwara imodoka na gari ya moshi, irangi rikoreshwa mu mazi ryavuye ku "bundi buryo" rijya ku "mahitamo asanzwe" bitewe n'ibyuka byayo bike bya VOC, umutekano, no kudahumanya. Ariko, kugira ngo habeho ibyifuzo by'ikoreshwa rikomeye (urugero, ubushuhe bwinshi n'ingufu zikomeye) hamwe n'ibisabwa by'abakoresha mu kuramba no gukora irangi, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga mu irangi rikoreshwa mu mazi rya polyurethane (WPU) rikomeje kwiyongera. Mu 2025, udushya mu nganda mu kunoza formula, guhindura imiti, no gushushanya imikorere byashyize imbaraga nshya muri uru rwego.
Gushimangira sisitemu y'ibanze: Kuva kuri "Gutunganya igipimo" kugeza kuri "Kugereranya imikorere"
Nk'"umuyobozi mu mikorere" mu miterere y'imyenda ikoreshwa mu mazi, polyurethane ikoreshwa mu mazi ifite ibice bibiri (WB 2K-PUR) ihura n'ikibazo gikomeye: kuringaniza igipimo n'imikorere ya sisitemu za polyol. Muri uyu mwaka, amatsinda y'ubushakashatsi yakoze ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku ngaruka za polyether polyol (PTMEG) na polyester polyol (P1012).
Ubusanzwe, polyester polyol yongera imbaraga n'ubucucike bw'imvange bitewe n'imigozi minini ya hydrogen hagati ya molekile, ariko kongeramo cyane bigabanya ubucucike bw'amazi bitewe n'ubucucike bukomeye bw'amatsinda ya ester. Igerageza ryemeje ko iyo P1012 igize 40% (g / g) ya sisitemu ya polyol, "uburinganire bwa zahabu" bugerwaho: imigozi ya hydrogen yongera ubucucike bw'umubiri nta bucucike bukabije bw'amazi, bigatuma imvange ikora neza—harimo ubucucike bw'umunyu, ubucucike bw'amazi, n'imbaraga zo gukurura. Uyu mwanzuro utanga ubuyobozi busobanutse ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'ibanze cya WB 2K-PUR, cyane cyane ku bintu nka chassis y'imodoka n'ibice by'icyuma bya gari ya moshi bisaba imikorere ya mekanike no ubucucike bw'imvange.
"Guhuza Uburimbane n'Uburyohe": Guhindura imiti byafunguye imipaka mishya y'imikorere
Nubwo gutunganya neza igipimo cy'ibanze ari "impinduka nziza", guhindura imiti bigaragaza "intambwe nziza" kuri polyurethane ikoreshwa mu mazi. Inzira ebyiri zo guhindura zagaragaye cyane muri uyu mwaka:
Inzira ya 1: Kongera imbaraga mu guhuza imiti hakoreshejwe Polysiloxane na Terpene Derivatives
Uruvange rwa polysiloxane ifite ingufu nke (PMMS) n'ibikomoka kuri terpene bikomoka kuri hydrophobic bitanga WPU imiterere ibiri ya "superhydrophobicity + high rigidity." Abashakashatsi bateguye polysiloxane ya hydroxyl-terminated (PMMS) bakoresheje 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane na octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, hanyuma bashyira isobornyl acrylate (ikomoka kuri camphene ikomoka kuri biomass) ku migozi yo ku ruhande rwa PMMS binyuze mu buryo bwa UV-initiated thiol-ene click reaction kugira ngo habeho polysiloxane ishingiye kuri terpene (PMMS-I).
WPU yavuguruwe yagaragaje iterambere ritangaje: inguni yo guhuza amazi yavuye kuri 70.7° igera kuri 101.2° (igera kuri superhydrophobicity y’amababi ya lotus), amazi yagabanutse kuva kuri 16.0% igera kuri 6.9%, naho imbaraga zo gukurura zavuye kuri 4.70MPa zigera kuri 8.82MPa bitewe n’imiterere y’impeta ya terpene ikomeye. Isesengura rya Thermogravimetric ryagaragaje kandi ko ubushyuhe buhamye. Iri koranabuhanga ritanga igisubizo cyuzuye "kirwanya umwanda + kidahura n’ikirere" ku bice byo hanze bya gari ya moshi nk'ibisenge n'amajipo yo ku ruhande.
Inzira ya 2: Polyimine Crosslinking ifasha ikoranabuhanga rya "Kwivura"
Kwivura ubwabyo byagaragaye nk'ikoranabuhanga rikunzwe cyane mu gusiga irangi, kandi ubushakashatsi bw'uyu mwaka bwabihuje n'imikorere ya WPU mu ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo hagerwe ku ntambwe ebyiri mu "bushobozi bwo kwivura neza + ubushobozi bwo kwivura ubwabyo." WPU ifatanye hamwe yakozwe na polybutylene glycol (PTMG), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), na polyimine (PEI) nk'imashini ihuza ikoranabuhanga yagaragaje imiterere itangaje ya mashini: imbaraga zo gukurura za 17.12MPa no kurekura igihe habayeho 512.25% (hafi yo kwihuta kwa rubber).
Icy'ingenzi ni uko ibasha kwivura burundu mu masaha 24 kuri 30°C—ikongera imbaraga zo gukurura 3.26MPa no kurekura 450.94% nyuma yo gusana. Ibi bituma ikwiriye cyane ku bice bishobora gushwara nka bumpers z'imodoka n'imbere mu modoka za gari ya moshi, bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kuyisana.
"Ubugenzuzi bw'ubwenge bwa Nanoscale": "Impinduka ku buso" mu kurwanya irangi rihumanya
Gukingira graffiti no koroshya isuku ni byo bisabwa cyane ku irangi rigezweho. Muri uyu mwaka, irangi rirwanya umwanda (NP-GLIDE) rishingiye ku "nanopools za PDMS zimeze nk'amazi" ryakuruye abantu benshi. Ihame ryaryo ry'ingenzi ririmo gushyira iminyururu ya polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ku ruhande rw'umugongo wa polyol unyuramo amazi binyuze muri graft copolymer polyol-g-PDMS, bigatuma "nanopools" zifite umurambararo muto urenze 30nm.
Gukungahaza PDMS muri izi nanopools bituma irangi rigira ubuso “bumeze nk’amazi”—ibinyobwa byose bigerageza bifite umuvuduko w’ubuso uri hejuru ya 23mN/m (urugero: ikawa, ibizinga by’amavuta) birashira nta bimenyetso bisize. Nubwo ifite ubukana bwa 3H (hafi y’ikirahure gisanzwe), irangi rigumana ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya umwanda.
Byongeye kandi, hatanzwe ingamba zo kurwanya graffiti "inzitizi ifatika + isukura ryoroheje": gushyiramo trimer ya IPDI muri polyisocyanate ishingiye kuri HDT kugira ngo hongerwe ubucucike bwa firime no gukumira kwinjira kwa graffiti, mu gihe hagenzurwa ukwimuka kw'ibice bya silicone / fluorine kugira ngo habeho ingufu nke zo ku buso. Hamwe na DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) kugira ngo hagenzurwe neza ubucucike bwa crosslink na XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo bwo kwimuka kwa interface, iri koranabuhanga ryiteguye gukoreshwa mu nganda kandi ryitezwe ko rizaba ikigero gishya cyo kurwanya irangi ry'imodoka n'ibice by'ibicuruzwa bya 3C.
Umwanzuro
Mu 2025, ikoranabuhanga rya WPU rigenda riva ku "guteza imbere imikorere imwe" rikagera ku "guhuza imikorere myinshi." Byaba binyuze mu gutunganya formula y'ibanze, iterambere mu guhindura imiti, cyangwa udushya mu gushushanya imikorere, logique y'ingenzi ishingiye ku guhuza "ibidukikije" na "imikorere myiza." Ku nganda nka za gari ya moshi n'imodoka, iri terambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ntiryongera igihe cyo gusiga no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ahubwo rinatuma habaho kuvugurura kabiri mu "gukora ibintu bihumanya ibidukikije" no "ubunararibonye bw'abakoresha ku rwego rwo hejuru."
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-14-2025