Gukomeza amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga ibidukikije birimo kuvugurura imiterere y’inganda za perchloroethylene (PCE). Ingamba zo kugenzura ku masoko akomeye arimo Ubushinwa, Amerika, na EU ziri gukoresha uburyo bwose bwo kugenzura umusaruro, ikoreshwa, n’itangizwa ry’ibicuruzwa, biganisha ku mpinduka zikomeye mu kuvugurura ibiciro, kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga, no gutandukanya isoko.
Hashyizweho ingengabihe isobanutse neza ku rwego rwa politiki. Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije muri Amerika (EPA) cyashyizeho itegeko rya nyuma mu mpera za 2024, ritegeka ko hashyirwaho itegeko ribuza burundu ikoreshwa rya PCE mu gusukura byumye nyuma y'Ukuboza 2034. Ibikoresho byo gusukura byumye bya kera byo mu gisekuru cya gatatu bizavanwaho guhera mu 2027, aho NASA yonyine ari yo izakomeza gusonerwa ikoreshwa mu buryo bwihutirwa. Politiki zo mu ngo zavuguruwe hamwe: PCE ishyirwa mu cyiciro cy'imyanda ihumanya (HW41), aho impuzandengo y'amasaha 8 yo mu nzu igarukira kuri 0.12mg/m³. Imijyi cumi n'itanu y'ingenzi irimo Beijing na Shanghai izashyira mu bikorwa amahame akomeye ya VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) mu 2025, asaba ko ibicuruzwa bishyirwamo ≤50ppm.
Politiki zazamuye ikiguzi cyo kubahiriza amategeko y’ibigo. Abakora isuku bagomba gusimbuza ibikoresho bifunguye, ikiguzi cyo kuvugurura iduka rimwe kiri hagati ya 50.000 na 100.000 yuan; ibigo bitubahiriza amategeko bihanishwa amande ya 200.000 yuan n’ingaruka zo gufunga. Ibigo bikora isuku bitegetswe gushyiraho ibikoresho byo kugenzura VOC mu gihe nyacyo, ishoramari rimwe rirenga miliyoni 1 yuan, kandi ikiguzi cyo kubahiriza amategeko y’ibidukikije ubu kirenga 15% by’ikiguzi cyose. Ikiguzi cyo guta imyanda cyariyongereye: ikiguzi cyo guta imyanda kuri PCE cyakoreshejwe kigera kuri 8.000 kugeza 12.000 yuan kuri toni, inshuro 5-8 ugereranyije n’imyanda isanzwe. Ibigo bikora isuku nka Shandong byashyizeho ibiciro by’inyongera ku biciro by’amashanyarazi ku bigo bitujuje ibisabwa mu gukoresha ingufu neza.
Imiterere y'inganda irimo kwihutisha iterambere, aho kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga biba ngombwa cyane. Ku ruhande rw'umusaruro, ikoranabuhanga nko gutandukanya membrane na catalysis igezweho byongereye ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa ku kigero kirenga 99.9% mu gihe bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku kigero cya 30%. Ibigo bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga bifite inyungu iri hejuru ya 12-15 ku ijana ugereranije n'ibindi bisanzwe. Urwego rw'ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa rugaragaza "uburyo bwo kugumana ibintu mu buryo bworoshye kandi buciriritse": 38% by'amaduka mato n'aciriritse yo gusukura byakuweho kubera ibiciro, mu gihe ibigo nka Weishi byabonye amahirwe binyuze muri sisitemu zo kugarura ibintu. Hagati aho, amashami akomeye nka electronics na electrolytes nshya z'ingufu agumana 30% by'isoko bitewe n'ibisabwa mu mikorere.
Gucuruza ikoranabuhanga rindi ririmo kwihuta, birushaho kugabanya isoko gakondo. Ingufu zikomoka kuri hydrocarbon, zifite ibiciro biri hagati ya 50.000 na 80.000 yuan, zageze ku isoko rya 25% mu 2025 kandi zemerewe inkunga ya leta ya 20-30%. Nubwo hari ishoramari rinini rya yuan 800.000 kuri buri gikoresho, isuku y’amazi ya CO₂ yumye yagaragaye ko yiyongera buri mwaka ku kigero cya 25% bitewe n’inyungu ntarengwa zo kwangiza ibidukikije. Amavuta akomoka kuri solvent ya D30 agabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya VOC ku kigero cya 75% mu isuku y’inganda, aho isoko rirenga miliyari 5 yuan mu 2025.
Ingano y'isoko n'imiterere y'ubucuruzi birimo guhinduka icyarimwe. Ubusabe bw'ibicuruzwa bya PCE mu gihugu bugabanukaho 8-12% buri mwaka, aho igiciro mpuzandengo cyitezwe kugabanuka kikagera kuri 4.000 Yuan kuri toni muri 2025. Ariko, ibigo byagabanyije icyuho cyo mu gihugu binyuze mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu bya Belt and Road, aho ingano y'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga yazamutseho 91.32% ugereranyije n'umwaka muri Mutarama-Gicurasi 2025. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga birimo kwerekeza ku bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru: mu gice cya mbere cya 2025, ubwiyongere bw'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga (31.35%) bwarenze cyane ubwiyongere bw'ibicuruzwa (11.11%), kandi hejuru ya 99% by'ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru by'ikoranabuhanga biracyashingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga biva mu Budage.
Mu gihe gito, guhuza inganda bizarushaho gukomera; mu gihe kiri hagati kugeza igihe kirekire, hazabaho icyerekezo cy'"ubwiyongere bw'ibipimo n'impinduka mu bidukikije". Biteganijwe ko 30% by'amaduka mato n'aciriritse asukura uruhu azava mu mpera za 2025, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukora buzagabanuka kuva kuri toni 350.000 bukagera kuri toni 250.000. Ibigo bikomeye bizibanda ku bicuruzwa bifite agaciro gakomeye nka PCE y'ikoranabuhanga binyuze mu kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga, hamwe n'umubare w'ubucuruzi bw'ibinyabutabire bihumanya ibidukikije wiyongera buhoro buhoro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 11-2025