Ethylene glycol (EG), ikinyabutabire cy’ingenzi mu gukora polyester, imvange zirwanya ubukonje, na resins z’inganda, kirimo kubona impinduka zishingiye ku bintu by’ingenzi bigamije kubungabunga ibidukikije n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga. Udushya duherutse gukorwa mu buryo bwo gukora, kuvugurura amategeko, n’ikoreshwa rishya ririmo guhindura uruhare rwaryo mu rwego rw’ibinyabutabire ku isi.
1. Impinduka mu gukora isesengura ry'icyatsi kibisi
Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwa catalytic ririmo guhindura umusaruro wa ethylene glycol. Abashakashatsi bo muri Aziya bakoze catalyst nshya ishingiye ku muringa ihindura syngas (uruvange rwa hydrogen na carbon monoxide) muri ethylene glycol mu buryo butaziguye ku kigero cya 95%, irenga ku bipimo gakondo bya ethylene oxide intermediates. Ubu buryo bugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ho 30% kandi bugabanya imyuka ya CO₂ ho toni 1.2 kuri toni ya EG ikorwa.
Iyi gahunda, ubu iri mu igeragezwa ry’igerageza, ijyanye n’intego mpuzamahanga zo gukuraho karuboni kandi ishobora kubangamira inzira zisanzwe zo gukora ibintu bishingiye ku bisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima. Iyo bikozwe neza, bishobora gutuma ibimera bya ethylene glycol bihuzwa neza na sisitemu zo gufata karuboni, bigashyira EG nk'ikintu gishobora kuba "icyatsi kibisi" mu miyoboro y’amazi.
2. Ethylene Glycol ishingiye ku binyabuzima irushaho gukomera
Mu gihe hakenewe ibikoresho birambye, ethylene glycol ikomoka ku bimera ikomoka ku isukari cyangwa ibinyampeke by’ibigori iri kugaragara nk'ubundi buryo bufatika. Gahunda iherutse gukorwa n’ibihugu by’Amerika y’Epfo yagaragaje ko bishoboka ko imyanda y’ubuhinzi ivamo monoethylene glycol (MEG) ifite karubone ntoya ku kigero cya 40% ugereranyije n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli.
Inganda z'imyenda, zikoresha cyane EG, zirimo kugerageza bio-MEG mu gukora fibre ya polyester, aho ibisubizo bya mbere bigaragaza imbaraga zo gukurura hamwe n'uburyo irangi rikoreshwa. Inkunga z'amategeko, nka Renewable Carbon Initiative ya EU, ziri kwihutisha ikoreshwa, nubwo hakiri imbogamizi ku bijyanye no kwagura ingano y'ibiryo n'uburinganire bw'ibiciro.
3. Isuzuma ry'amategeko ku bijyanye no kongera gukoresha EG
Impungenge zikomeje kwiyongera ku bijyanye no kuguma kwa ethylene glycol mu bidukikije zatumye habaho amategeko akaze. Mu Ukwakira 2023, EPA ya Amerika yatanze amabwiriza avuguruye yo gusohora amazi mabi arimo EG, itegeka ko inzira zigezweho zo gutwika glycol zisigaye ziri munsi ya 50 ppm. Muri icyo gihe, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi uri gutegura ivugurura ry’urwego rwawo rwo kwandikisha, gusuzuma, kwemerera no gukumira ibinyabutabire (REACH), rusaba abakora kohereza amakuru y’uburozi ku bicuruzwa bya EG bitarenze 2025.
Izi ngamba zigamije guhangana n’ingaruka z’ibidukikije, cyane cyane mu bidukikije byo mu mazi, aho ubwiyongere bwa EG bufitanye isano no kugabanuka kwa ogisijeni mu bidukikije by’amazi.
4. Uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha mu kubika ingufu
Ethylene glycol irimo kubona akamaro kadasanzwe mu buryo bwo kubika ingufu mu gisekuru gitaha. Ishyirahamwe ry’ubushakashatsi mu Burayi ryakoze igikoresho gikonjesha bateri kidashya gikoresheje uruvange rwa EG-water rwahinduwe, bikongera imicungire y’ubushyuhe muri bateri za lithium-ion ku kigero cya 25%. Iyi formula, ikora neza hagati ya -40°C na 150°C, irimo kugeragezwa mu bikoresho by’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi no mu bikoresho byo kubika ingufu.
Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bikoresha EG-based phase-change materials (PCMs) biri kwitabwaho mu kubika ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, aho igeragezwa riherutse kugera ku kigero cya 92% cy'ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu mu gihe cy'amasaha 500.
5. Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira serivisi zo gutanga ibicuruzwa n'impinduka mu turere
Ibibazo bya politiki n'imbogamizi mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho byatumye umusaruro wa ethylene glycol ukwirakwira mu turere dutandukanye. Inyubako nshya mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati no mu Majyepfo y'Amajyepfo ya Aziya zirimo gukoresha inganda nto zikora ibikoresho byabugenewe kugira ngo ziboneke neza, bigabanye kwishingikiriza ku nganda nini zikorera hamwe. Iyi mpinduka yunganirwa na sisitemu yo gucunga ububiko bushingiye ku buhanga bwa AI igabanya imyanda ya EG mu nzego zo hasi nko mu nganda zikora amacupa ya PET.
Umwanzuro: Ihindagurika ry'Ibintu Bitandukanye
Urwego rwa ethylene glycol ruri ku murongo w’inzira, ruhuza ibikorwa byarwo by’inganda n’ibikenewe byihutirwa mu kubungabunga ibidukikije. Udushya mu guhuza ibidukikije, ubundi buryo bushingiye ku binyabuzima, n’ikoreshwa ry’ubukungu bushingiye ku miterere y’ibidukikije birimo kuvugurura uruhererekane rw’agaciro kabyo, mu gihe amategeko akaze agaragaza ko hakenewe ibikorwa byo kwita ku bidukikije. Uko inganda z’ibinyabutabire zigenda zihindura ikirere zigana ku gukuraho karuboni, ubushobozi bwa ethylene glycol bwo guhinduka buzagena akamaro kayo ku isoko ririmo guhinduka vuba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-07-2025