I.Incamake yinganda niterambere ryikoranabuhanga
Polyacrylamide (PAM), nk'imwe mu miti ikomeye yo gutunganya amazi, yateye intambwe igaragara mu guhanga udushya no gukoresha isoko mu myaka yashize. Raporo y’ubushakashatsi buheruka gukorwa ku isoko, isoko rya PAM ku isi ryageze kuri miliyari 4.58 z'amadolari mu 2023 bikaba biteganijwe ko mu 2028 rizagera kuri miliyari 6.23 z'amadolari, aho izamuka ry’umwaka ryiyongereyeho 6.3%. Urwego rutunganya amazi rufite hejuru ya 65% y’ibikoreshwa byose, rukaba intandaro yo kuzamura inganda.
1. Ibimaze kugerwaho muri Anionic Polyacrylamide (APAM)
Mu 2023, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryaturutse muri kaminuza y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa ryasohoye ibyavuye mu * Amazi Kamere *, ritsindisha neza ibikoresho bishya bya APAM bifite “igisubizo cyiza”. Ukoresheje tekinoroji yo gucapa molekulari, iki gicuruzwa kirashobora guhita gihindura imiterere ya molekuline ishingiye ku bwoko bwanduye mu mazi, bikazamura imikorere ya ion iremereye cyane 40%, cyane cyane ibereye gutunganya amazi y’amazi. Imibare yatanzwe mu mushinga wo gutunganya amazi y’umuringa muri Jiangxi yerekanaga ko ibi bikoresho byageze ku gukuramo 99.2% by’umuringa mu gihe byagabanije 35%.
Muri rusange, Ubuyapani bwa Mitsubishi Chemical bwatangije urukurikirane rw’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa APAM rukomeza gukora neza kuri 80-120 ° C, rukemura ibibazo bya tekiniki mu gutunganya amazi y’amazi ya peteroli na gaze. Iki gicuruzwa cyerekanye imikorere idasanzwe muri sisitemu yo gutunganya amazi ya peteroli yo muri Arabiya Sawudite, yihutisha umuvuduko w’ibimera 50% kandi bigabanya igihe cyo gutuza kugeza kuri bibiri bya gatatu byibicuruzwa bisanzwe.
2. Kuzamura ikoranabuhanga muri Cationic Polyacrylamide (CPAM)
Urwego rwo kuvura ibishishwa rwabonye impinduka zihinduka. Mu ntangiriro za 2024, BASF yo mu Budage yashyize ahagaragara igisekuru gishya cya ultra-high-molecular uburemere bwa CPAM ifite uburemere bwa molekile irenga miliyoni 20 Daltons. Binyuze mu buhanga bwihariye bwo guhuza ibicuruzwa, iki gicuruzwa kigizwe nurusobe rwumuyoboro mugihe cyo kuvoma amazi, kugera ku mazi y’amazi nyuma y’amazi ari munsi ya 58% - ni amanota 10 ku ijana ku bicuruzwa bisanzwe. Nyuma yo gukoresha iryo koranabuhanga, Uruganda rutunganya amazi y’umujyi wa Paris rwongereye ubushobozi bwo gutunganya imyanda ku gipimo cya 30% mu gihe kugabanya imiti 15%.
Ikigaragara cyane, gutangiza Ubuholandi byateje imbere biosynetike CPAM ikoresheje tekinoroji yo guhindura gene CRISPR. Byakozwe hakoreshejwe injeniyeri * E. coli * fermentation, iyi nzira irinda rwose gukoresha acrylamide monomer, kugabanya ecotoxicity yibicuruzwa 90% no kugabanya ibyuka byangiza imyuka ya karuboni 65% mugihe cyo gukora. Nubwo ibiciro biriho bikomeza ~ 20% kurenza uburyo bwo guhuza imiti, inyungu zikomeye zo guhatanira inyungu ziteganijwe kugera ku musaruro mwinshi muri 2026.
3. Kwagura ibikorwa bya Nonionic Polyacrylamide (NPAM)
NPAM yerekana ibyiza byihariye mugutunganya amazi yihariye. Mu mpera za 2023, Dow Chemical yazanye urutonde rwa pH-rwumva NPAM ihita ihindura iyaguka rya molekile muri pH 2-12, igateza imbere nano-nini ihagaritse gufata neza inshuro 3-5. Iri koranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe neza mugutegura amazi ya ultrapure yinganda za semiconductor, kugera kubuziranenge bwamazi ya 18.2 MΩ · cm.
Abashakashatsi bo muri Koreya yepfo bateje imbere NPAM igaragara-yoroheje-yangiza ibice byubaka azobenzene. Polimeri isigaye irashobora kugabanuka mubice bito bya molekile mugihe cyamasaha 48 munsi yumucyo usanzwe, bikemura burundu ibibazo bya PAM gakondo. Iri koranabuhanga ryageragejwe mu bihingwa by’amazi byo kunywa bya Seoul, biteganijwe ko ubucuruzi buzaba mu 2025.
II. Ibikorwa byisoko niterambere ryakarere
1. Impinduka mumasoko yisi yose
Agace ka Aziya-Pasifika kahindutse isoko rya PAM ryiyongera cyane, bingana na 46% by’ibikoreshwa ku isi mu 2023, Ubushinwa bukaba bwaragize uruhare runini mu kuzamuka. Imibare yaturutse mu ishyirahamwe ry’inganda n’inganda n’inganda zerekana ko umusaruro wa PAM w’Ubushinwa wageze kuri toni 920.000 mu 2023, aho ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bikomeza kwiyongera 15% by’umwaka - cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bya CPAM, aho usanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bikomeza kugera kuri 40%.
Isoko ryiburayi ryerekana inzira zitandukanye. Bitewe n’amabwiriza akomeye y’ibidukikije, ibicuruzwa bya PAM byangiza ibidukikije byongereye isoko ku isoko kuva kuri 8% muri 2020 bigera kuri 22% muri 2023. Veolia yo mu Bufaransa yatangaje ko ifite gahunda yo gusimbuza CPAM gakondo n’ibindi byatsi bitarenze 2026.
Isoko ryo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, riterwa no guteza imbere gazi ya shale, rikomeje icyifuzo cya APAM. Ibicuruzwa byatumijwe muri Amerika PAM byiyongereyeho 18% mu 2023, 60% bikoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi y’amazi na gaze. Ikigaragara ni uko Mexico yagaragaye nk'ihuriro rishya ry'umusaruro, hamwe n’ibihugu byinshi bishyiraho ibirindiro by’ibanze.
2. Ibiciro no gutanga Urunigi Imikorere
Kuva 2023 kugeza 2024, amasoko y'ibikoresho bya PAM yahuye nihindagurika rikomeye. Ibiciro bya monry Acrylamide byageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mateka muri Q3 2023 ariko bigaruka ku rwego rushimishije muri Q2 2024 kuko Ubushinwa bwongereye ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora. Nyamara, cationic reagent DMC (methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) ibiciro byakomeje kwiyongera kubera itangwa rya okiside ya propylene yo hejuru, bigatuma ibiciro bya CPAM byiyongera 12-15%.
Kubijyanye no gutanga amasoko, abayobozi binganda bihutiye guhuza vertical. Itsinda rya Solvay ryashoye miliyoni 300 zama euro mu kigo gishya cy’ibicuruzwa byahurijwe hamwe mu Bubiligi, bituma umusaruro wuzuye uva muri acrylonitrile kugeza ku bicuruzwa byanyuma. Biteganijwe ko izashyirwa ahagaragara muri 2025, ibi bizagabanya ibiciro byuzuye 20%. Ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse byerekeje ku buhanga - urugero, Italmatch yo mu Butaliyani yibanze ku guteza imbere imiterere yihariye ya APAM yo kwangiza amazi yo mu nyanja.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-09-2025