Isoko ry'ibinyabutabire ryo mu gihugu ryazamutse cyane! Isoko ry'ibinyabutabire byo mu gihugu ryatangije "gufungura umuryango"
Muri Mutarama 2023, ubwo habaga hari ikibazo cyo kugaruka buhoro buhoro ku ruhande rw’abakeneraga, isoko ry’ibinyabutabire mu gihugu ryagiye rihinduka umuyoboro w’amazi.
Dukurikije igenzura ry’amakuru ajyanye n’ibinyabutabire, mu binyabutabire 67 mu gice cya mbere cya Mutarama, hari ibicuruzwa 38 byazamutse, bingana na 56.72%. Muri byo, lisansi, peteroli na lisansi byiyongereyeho ibirenga 10%.
▷ Butadiene: ikomeje kwiyongera
Mu ntangiriro z'umwaka, inganda zikomeye zakusanyije amayuni 500/toni, ku ruhande rw'abashaka ibintu bike byiza, ibiciro bya butadiene bikomeje kuzamuka. Mu Burasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa, igiciro cya butadiene can self-extraction bivuze amayuni 8200-8300/toni, ni ukuvuga amayuni 150/toni ugereranije n'igihe cyashize. Butadiene yo mu Bushinwa bw'Amajyaruguru yari ingenzi ku giciro cya 8700-8850/toni, ugereranije na +325/toni.
Ibicu bizaba bitwikiriye mu 2022, ariko se bizahita bitwikirira mu 2023?
Mu mpera za 2022 habaye imbogamizi zikomeye ku bukungu bw’isi, zigira ingaruka mbi ku bahanga mu bucuruzi bw’ibinyabutabire. Izamuka ry’ibiciro ry’ibiciro ryatumye amabanki makuru afata ingamba zikomeye, zigabanya ubukungu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu mahanga. Amakimbirane ari hagati y’Uburusiya na Ukraine ashobora guhungabanya ubukungu bw’Uburayi bw’Iburasirazuba, kandi ingaruka z’ibiciro by’ingufu zizamuka zirimo kwangiza ubukungu bw’Uburayi bw’Iburengerazuba ndetse n’ibihugu byinshi biri mu nzira y’amajyambere byishingikiriza ku ngufu n’ibiribwa bitumizwa mu mahanga.
Icyorezo cyiyongera mu bice byinshi by'Ubushinwa cyabangamiye ubwikorezi bw'imizigo, umusaruro muke n'imikorere y'ibigo, cyagabanyije imbaraga mu bukungu rusange n'inganda zikiri hasi, kandi kigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibinyabutabire. Bitewe n'ibintu nk'amakimbirane mpuzamahanga ya politiki n'izamuka ry'inyungu ku kigega cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ibiciro mpuzamahanga bya peteroli na gazi byazamutse mbere hanyuma bigabanuka umwaka wose kandi bikomeza guhinduka cyane. Mu gihe cy'igitutu ku kiguzi cy'ibinyabutabire, ibiciro byazamutse mbere hanyuma bikagabanuka. Bitewe n'ibintu byinshi nko kubura ikiguzi, kugabanuka kw'ibiciro n'igitutu cy'ibiciro, imiterere y'ubucuruzi bw'inganda z'ibanze za shimi yagabanutse cyane, kandi agaciro k'inganda karagabanutse kugeza ku rwego rwo hasi rw'imyaka hafi 5-10.
Dukurikije imibare ya New Century, mu bihembwe bitatu bya mbere bya 2022, inyungu ku mikorere y’ibigo by’icyitegererezo yiyongereye ariko inyungu ku mikorere yagabanutse cyane. Inganda zikora ibikoresho fatizo zikora neza, mu gihe inganda zikora ibikoresho fatizo n’ibinyabutabire bito biri munsi y’uruhererekane rw’inganda zari zihanganye n’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo byinshi, ubusabe buke n’imikorere micye. Izamuka ry’imitungo idahinduka n’urwego rw’ubwubatsi rw’ibigo by’icyitegererezo ryagabanutse, kandi ibice bitandukanye byaratandukanye. Ariko, byagizweho ingaruka n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo n’umuvuduko w’ibicuruzwa, urugero rw’ibikoresho n’amabaruramari y’ibigo by’icyitegererezo rwariyongereye cyane, igipimo cy’inyungu ku isoko cyaragabanutse, kandi imikorere iragabanuka. Amafaranga yinjira mu mikorere y’ibigo by’icyitegererezo yaragabanutse uko umwaka utashye, icyuho cy’amafaranga adakoreshwa mu mishinga idashingiye ku mafaranga cyariyongereye, igipimo cy’amafaranga y’ibigo by’icyitegererezo cyiyongereye, umutwaro w’imyenda wariyongereye, kandi igipimo cy’umutungo n’inshingano byiyongera.
Ku bijyanye n'inyungu, inyungu yose ku isoko ry'ibinyabutabire yagaragaje igabanuka rigaragara ugereranije n'igihe nk'icyo umwaka ushize.
None se muri 2023, inganda zikora imiti zizatera imbere?
Iterambere ry’inganda z’ibanze zikora imiti mvaruganda rigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mpinduka zibaho mu bukungu rusange. Mu 2022, igitutu cy’ubukungu ku isi cyariyongereye. Mu gice cya mbere cy’umwaka, ibiciro by’ibikomoka ku miti byari bikomeye. Birumvikana ko byari bigabanuka kandi bidahagije ku giciro, mu gice cya kabiri cy’umwaka, igiciro cy’ibikomoka ku miti kimara kugabanuka cyane bitewe n’ibiciro by’ingufu. Mu 2023, ubukungu bw’igihugu cyanjye bwitezweho kuzahura buhoro buhoro nyuma yo kunoza politiki zo gukumira icyorezo, bigatuma icyifuzo cy’abaguzi kizamuka. Kugabanya politiki zo kugenzura imitungo itimukanwa byitezwe ko bizamura icyifuzo cy’ibikomoka ku miti mvaruganda bifitanye isano n’ubutaka. Biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho fatizo by’imiti mvaruganda muri urwo rwego kizakomeza gutera imbere cyane.
Uruhande rw'ibikenewe: Kurwanya icyorezo mu gihugu byakuweho, isoko ry'imitungo itimukanwa ryarekuwe, kandi ubukungu rusange bwitezwe ko buzakomeza gusanwa buhoro buhoro. Mu 2022, icyorezo cyongeye kwaduka ahantu henshi mu Bushinwa, kandi ibigo mu nganda zose n'inganda byahagaritse umusaruro mu byiciro. Imiterere y'ubukungu rusange yari mike kandi umuvuduko w'iterambere ry'inganda nyinshi zo mu gace k'uburasirazuba, nk'ubutaka butimukanwa, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, imyenda n'imyenda, na mudasobwa, wagabanutse cyane cyangwa ndetse ugabanuka ugana ku izamuka ribi. Ubusabe buke bw'inganda zo mu gace k'uburasirazuba n'ibiciro biri hejuru by'imiti, hamwe n'ikibazo cy'icyorezo, ibikoresho ntabwo bigenda neza kandi biragoye kwemeza ko igihe kigeze, ibyo bikaba bibuza ku rwego rumwe kwifuza imiti n'ingengabihe yo kuyitanga. Mu mpera za 2022, inganda z'ubutaka mu Bushinwa zizahabwa imyambi itatu yo gutabara, kandi kurwanya icyorezo bizashyirwa ahagaragara ku mugaragaro hamwe n'ishyirwa ahagaragara rya "Ibikorwa icumi Bishya" by'Inama ya Leta. Mu 2023, ubukungu rusange bw'igihugu bwitezwe ko buzakomeza gusanwa buhoro buhoro, kandi ubusabe bw'ibicuruzwa bya chimique bwitezwe ko buzamuka buhoro buhoro uko inganda zo mu gace k'uburasirazuba zigenda zisubira mu mikorere isanzwe. Byongeye kandi, ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi buriho bwaragabanutse, kandi RMB yagabanutse cyane ugereranyije n'idolari rya Amerika bitewe n'izamuka ry'inyungu ryakozwe na Banki Nkuru y'Igihugu, byitezwe ko bizaba byiza ku busabe n'itangwa ry'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihugu mu 2023.
Uruhande rw'ibicuruzwa: Kwaguka kw'inzira zizamuka no kwihutisha, kuyobora ikigo gikomeye cya Hengqiang. Bitewe n'ibyo inganda zigenda zikura zikeneye, ibicuruzwa bishya bizaba imbaraga ikomeye mu iterambere ry'inganda. Ibicuruzwa bya chimique bizatera imbere ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi ubwinshi n'ingaruka nziza by'inganda zitandukanye bizakomeza kunozwa.
Uruhande rw'ibikoresho fatizo: Peteroli mpuzamahanga ishobora gukomeza kugaragara nk'ihungabana rikomeye. Muri rusange, byitezwe ko ibiciro bya peteroli mpuzamahanga bizakomeza kuzamuka mu buryo butandukanye. Ikigo gishinzwe ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa byitezwe ko kizamanuka kiva ku rwego rwo hejuru mu 2022, kandi kizakomeza gushyigikira ikiguzi cy'imiti.
Ibande ku mirongo itatu y'ingenzi
Mu 2023, iterambere ry’inganda zikora imiti rizakomeza kwiyongera, igitutu ku busabe buzagenda bugabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi amafaranga akoreshwa ku isoko ry’inganda aziyongera. Turasaba kwibanda ku ngingo eshatu z’ingenzi:
▷Ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije: Mu rwego rwo kudakoresha karuboni, ibikoresho bishingiye ku bisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima bishobora guhura n’ingaruka mbi. Ibikoresho bishingiye ku bidukikije, hamwe n’imikorere yabyo myiza n’inyungu zabyo ku giciro, bizazana impinduka, byitezwe ko bizakorwa buhoro buhoro ku bwinshi kandi bigakoreshwa cyane mu buhanga bwa pulasitiki, ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa, ubuvuzi n’ibindi. Ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije, nk’uburyo bushya bwo gukora, byitezwe ko bizazana ibihe bidasanzwe kandi bigafungura buhoro buhoro icyifuzo cy’isoko.
▷Ibikoresho bishya: Akamaro ko kurinda umutekano w’uruhererekane rw’ibinyabutabire byagaragaye cyane, kandi ishyirwaho ry’urwego rw’inganda rwigenga kandi rugenzurwa riri hafi. Bimwe mu bikoresho bishya byitezweho kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibisimbuzwa mu ngo, nko gusimbuza ibintu bifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru, ibikoresho byo gushyiramo aluminium, aerogel, ibikoresho byo gusiga electrode n’ibindi bikoresho bishya bizagenda byongera ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kwinjira no kugabana isoko buhoro buhoro, kandi uruhererekane rushya rw’ibikoresho byitezweho kwihutisha iterambere.
▷Imitungo itimukanwa no kugarura ibyo abaguzi bakeneye: Leta igiye gutanga ikimenyetso cyo kugabanya inzitizi ku isoko ry’imitungo no kunoza ingamba zo gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo, inyungu za politiki y’imitungo itimukanwa zizarushaho kuba nziza, iterambere ry’imikoreshereze n’uruhererekane rw’imitungo itimukanwa ryitezwe ko rizagaruka, kandi imiti itimukanwa n’imikoreshereze y’umutungo biteganijwe ko bizagirira akamaro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-02-2023