Mu gihe cy’inganda za peteroli n’imiti zo mu gihugu cyanjye kuva ku nganda nini kugeza ku nganda zikora peteroli nziza, habayeho umusaruro mushya mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho bishya bifite igipimo gito cyo kwinjiramo hamwe n’ibigo bike byo mu gihugu, kandi ibyabo bibiri, polyolefin elastomers (POE), fibre ya karubone, na fibre ya karubone. Imiterere y’ibikoresho bishya nka pulasitiki ishobora kubora n’ibindi bikoresho bishya irashimishije. Mu nama ya 6 y’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi mu ishuri n’iy’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda za peteroli n’imiti ry’Ubushinwa yabereye i Shanghai ku ya 20 Mata, Luo Qiming, umuyobozi wungirije w’ishami rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho ry’ishyirahamwe rya peteroli, yasukuye kandi atunganya ububiko bw’ibikoresho.
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'umwimerere byateye imbere
Adiponitrile ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi cya nylon 66, kandi bigoye kugitunganya mu buryo bwa tekiniki. Kugeza ubu, isoko ry'ibicuruzwa ryari ryiganjemo Invista. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'imitako ya shimi, pulasitiki y'ubuhanga n'ibindi, urwego rwo gukoresha nylon 66 rwaragutse, ibigo byinshi byo mu gihugu byateye imbere mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere no mu nganda za adiponitrile, imishinga ya adiponitrile yaratangiye.
Luo Qiming yagaragaje ko hari inzira ebyiri z'ingenzi za tekiniki mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere adipdinitrile mu gihugu, ari zo aside adipinike n'uburyo butadiene.
Chongqing Huafeng Group irimo kubaka uruganda rwa adipdinitrile rufite toni 200.000 rushingiye ku ruganda rwa adipdinitrile rufite toni 100.000 ruzarangira mu 2020 hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa aside adipdinique.
Uburyo bwa butadiene kandi ni ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa na Invista, rifite ibyiza byo gukoresha inzira ngufi, igiciro gito cy'ibikoresho fatizo ndetse n'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa. Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi y'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere, China Chemical Tianchen Qixiang New Materials Co., LTD., ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya butadiene direct hydrocyanidation mu kubaka toni 200.000 ku mwaka, naryo ryafunguye uruhererekane rw'inganda zose kandi ryatangiye neza.
Nk’uko umunyamakuru yabitangaje, imigabane y’umushinga wo kubaka toni 50 ku mwaka wa butadiene method adipdinitrile nayo izatangizwa mu mpera z’uyu mwaka.
Gushyira mu rugo ubwoko bwa polyolefin bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru
“Inzira ya polyethylene ikoresha gaz-liquid na polypropylene tubular, ifite uburenganzira bwihariye ku mutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge, byombi byakorewe mu gihugu cyacu. “Ibicuruzwa bya polyolefin byo mu rwego rwo hejuru nka POE na UHMWPE (polyethylene ifite uburemere bwa ultra high molecular mass) kanda buto ya ‘accelerator’ kugira ngo ikoreshwe.” Luo Qiming yavuze ubwo yavugaga ku iterambere ry’ubwoko bwa polyolefin bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
POE ni kimwe mu bikoresho bifite ubucucike buke mu bikoresho bya sintetike, kandi ni ingenzi mu gutegura filime nshya ya photovoltaic. Sinopec, yatangiye gushakisha ikoranabuhanga rya POE mu myaka 20 ishize, ubu irimo kubona inyungu. Umunyamakuru yamenye ko mu imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya 35 ry’Abashinwa rya Rubber na Plastiki, Sinopec yasohoye urukurikirane rw’ibicuruzwa bishya birimo POE elastomer, Sinopec yabaye iya mbere mu gutanga patenti y’ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu hamwe n’uburenganzira bw’umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge bwa POE.
Muri icyo gihe, Wanhua Chemical n'izindi nazo zifite ibyangombwa byo guteza imbere inganda za POE. Amakuru agaragaza ko guhera muri Werurwe 2023, ubushobozi bw'umusaruro w'imbere mu gihugu buteganijwe kubakwa mu Bushinwa bwageze kuri toni miliyoni 2.1. Mu myaka 2 kugeza kuri 3 iri imbere, igihugu cyanjye kigiye gutangiza iterambere ry'umusaruro wa POE.
Kubera imikorere myiza y'ibicuruzwa byayo, UHMWPE yitabwaho cyane n'ibigo bikora peteroli n'ingufu mu myaka ya vuba aha. Nk'uko umunyamakuru abivuga, kuva muri Nyakanga 2022, Daqing Petrochemical, Jiangsu Sturbang, na Shanghai Chemical Research Institute byinjiye mu nganda za UHMWPE mu buryo bw'umusaruro mushya cyangwa kwagura ingufu. Muri byo, icyerekezo cy'umusaruro wa Daqing Petrochemical ahanini ni diaphragm ya bateri ya lithium. Icyerekezo cy'umusaruro cyo gushyiramo toni 20.000 ku mwaka muri Jiangsu Serbon nacyo gishingiye ahanini kuri diaphragm ya bateri ya lithium n'ibikoresho bya fibre. Ibikoresho bya fibre, diaphragm ya bateri ya lithium n'ingufu zishonga ni byo by'ingenzi.
Muri Werurwe ishize, igikoresho cya UHMWPE cy’umuyoboro w’impeta wa toni 30.000 w’Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Binyabutabire cya Shanghai cyashyizwe mu bikorwa, bigaragaza ko igihugu cyanjye cyageze ku ntambwe ikomeye mu bukorikori n’ikoranabuhanga rya mbere ku isi. Diaphragm irimo fibre nyinshi na bateri ya lithium itanga resin y’ibanze.
Ikoranabuhanga rikomeye ry'ibikoresho bishobora kubora
Gushyira mu bikorwa itegeko ryo kugabanya imiterere ya pulasitiki byongera "umuriro" mu iterambere no mu gukora ibikoresho bishobora kubora. Nk’uko Luo Qiming abivuga, igihugu cyanjye cyamenye aside polycolic (PGA), polynxyl-bonol (PBS), polyphonal aside -hexyl-bonol (PBAT), polystumin (PLA), Polybon (PCL), Polycarbonate (PPC), Polycroxy Fatty acid ester (PHA) n'ubundi buryo bwo gukora ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, bikubiyemo icyiciro cy'ingenzi cya pulasitiki ishobora kubora, kandi bubatse ubwoko bwa pulasitiki ishobora kubora ku isi. Sisitemu yuzuye y'inganda.
PLA ni yo bikoresho byoroshye kwangirika cyane mu bushakashatsi no mu ikoreshwa. Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ryateye imbere mu Bushinwa, kandi rishobora guhangana byuzuye n'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, hari ubwoko bushya bwa resin ishobora kwangirika bwa mbere mu gihugu cyanjye, nka PGA, polytic benzonite dilate (PBST), na resipi ya polyester ya mbere ishobora kwangirika mu gihugu cyanjye Essence.
Nk’uko abanyamakuru babivuga, Shanghai Dong Geng Company yashyizeho ikoranabuhanga ryigenga ku nzira yemewe ya PGA y’imiyoboro ya ethyl ester, ishobora kubona PGA yo mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi; Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi cya Kaminuza y’Ubutabire ya Beijing gishinzwe Ubushakashatsi ku Bidukikije gica mu rubu rwa polymer rugizwe n’ibice byinshi. Uburyo bwo gukora bukomeje bwateje imbere substrate y’ibinyabuzima yo kwangiza ibikoresho bya polyester no kurangiza ikizamini cy’igerageza cy’amatoni ibihumbi.
Uburyo bushya bwo gukora peteroli y’ubukorikori bwuzuza icyuho
Guhindura imikorere ya polystyrene butadiene rubber ishongeshejwe ni ingingo ishyushye cyane mu bijyanye na polystyrene butadiene rubber ishongeshejwe, ishobora kunoza cyane imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bya rubber, ariko nta bicuruzwa by'inganda byatangijwe mu Bushinwa. Muri Gicurasi 2021, petrochina, Kaminuza ya Tongji na Kaminuza y'ikoranabuhanga ya Dalian bafatanyije gutegura ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza rubber ishongeshejwe ya polystyrene butadiene rubber, ndetse barangiza itsinda rya mbere ry'ibikoresho bya rubber ishongeshejwe ya polystyrene butadiene i Dushanzi Petrochemical mu Bushinwa. Iki gicuruzwa cyakoreshejwe mu rubber y'icyatsi kibisi.
Rubber ya Neoprene ni imwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi mu bukungu bw'igihugu no mu nganda z'ingabo z'igihugu. Ariko gukora butadiene ya rubber ya Neoprene biragoye, ikoranabuhanga ry'ibikoresho by'ingenzi riragoye. Jinjiao Hi-tech (Shanghai) Co., LTD., yavunnye iyi "gufwa rikomeye", yashyizeho uburyo bushya bwa rubber ya Neoprene ya Butadiene, kandi yarangije ikizamini cy'igerageza. Luo Qiming yagize ati: "Ugereranyije n'uburyo bwacu busanzwe bwa karuboni ya calcium, uburyo bushobora kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru haba mu giciro cy'umusaruro ndetse no mu bwiza bw'umusaruro."
Ibintu by'ingenzi bya pulasitiki n'imigozi yihariye biragaragara cyane
Fibre ya karuboni, izwi ku izina rya "Umwami w'Ibikoresho Bishya", ni ibikoresho bishya by'ingenzi mu bukungu bw'igihugu no kubaka ubwugarizi bw'igihugu. Ubu igihugu cyanjye cyabaye igihugu cya gatatu gifite ikoranabuhanga rya fibre ya karuboni rikora neza nyuma y'Ubuyapani na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Luo Qiming yagize ati: "Fibre ya karuboni yo mu gihugu cyanjye yo mu rwego rwa T300 imaze kugera ku rwego rw'ibicuruzwa bisa n'ibyo mu mahanga; Fibre ya karuboni yo mu rwego rwa T700 na T800 imaze kugera ku musaruro w'inganda; Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rya fibre ya karuboni yo mu rwego rwa T1000 na M55J ryateye imbere mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi, kandi ryatangiye gutanga umusaruro."
Fibre ya polytamide ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi ifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mu nzego zigezweho nko mu ndege, mu kirere, mu by'ikoranabuhanga, no mu kurinda. Kaminuza ya Beijing y'ikoranabuhanga rya chimique yateje imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora fibre ya polytamide ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kuyikora, ikoresha iri koranabuhanga mu kubaka umurongo wa mbere w'ikorwa rya fibre ya polytamide ifite imbaraga nyinshi mu gihugu no mu mahanga, no gukora urukurikirane rw'ibicuruzwa.
Byongeye kandi, ketone ya phenolic polyford polyford etherone yakozwe na Kaminuza ya Dalian y’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga n’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi ry’Abashinwa. Ibinyabutabire bya Dalian nabyo ni ibya mbere ku isi, kandi ibikoresho byose by’inganda byarubatswe.
Ibinyabutabire by'ikoranabuhanga bitera imbere vuba
Izamuka ryihuse ry’inganda nshya z’ingufu ryazanye amahirwe yo guteza imbere imiti ikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga, kandi ipiganwa ry’ibigo byinshi by’imbere mu gihugu ryageze ku ntambwe yihuse yo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’imiti ikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ubushobozi bw'igihugu cyanjye bwo gukora fosifate yo mu rwego rw'inganda n'ibiribwa bwari bwinshi cyane, ariko ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gukora fosifate nka fosifate yo mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga yo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyane byishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Nyuma y'imyaka irenga 10 y'ibikorwa bidasubirwaho, fosifate yo mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga yo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyane ya Xingfa Group yageze ku rwego rwo gusukura fosifate kuva kuri “3 9″ kugeza kuri “9 9″”.
Aside hydrofluoric yo mu rwego rwa elegitoroniki ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusukura no kwangirika kw'imiyoboro ya elegitoroniki n'udupira duto twa elegitoroniki. Umwe mu bayobozi b'imiti ya elegitoroniki yo mu gihugu yinjiye ku mugaragaro muri sisitemu y'abatanga serivisi zujuje ibisabwa na TSMC muri Gicurasi 2022, maze atangira kuyireba. Gutanga ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byuzuye cyane, ahanini ari aside hydrofluoric yo mu rwego rwa semiconductor.
Byongeye kandi, imiti imwe n'imwe ikoreshwa mu by'ikoranabuhanga yakozwe kandi igakorwa na Suzhou Jingrui, nka peroxide ya hydrogen na aside sulfurike, Gas ya Haohua, trifluoride ya azote ya Sinoship 718 Institute, gaz ya chlorine ifite isuku nyinshi na hydrogen chloride ya gaz ya Taihe, gaz yihariye ya mbere ya Jiangsu Jacque, polishing pad ya Hubei Dinglong n'indi miti ikoreshwa mu by'ikoranabuhanga na byo byujuje ibisabwa mu gukora chips zigezweho.
“Iterambere rya argon fluoride photoresist ku bikoresho bigezweho, ari nabyo bigoye cyane, riracyari ikibazo.” Luo Qiming yavuze ko nubwo ibikoresho byinshi byo mu rugo kuva kuri resin monomer, photoinitiator, solvent kugeza kuri photoresist bikemura uruhererekane rw’inganda zose, ariko ubu ni igice kimwe cy’ibicuruzwa biri mu igeragezwa ry’ibigo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-08-2023