Umuyaga wimpeshyi urashyushye, kandi byose biragarutse. Imirima hamwe na pariki birerekana ibintu byinshi byimpeshyi yumwete. Igihe ikirere gishyuha, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi uratera imbere uva mu majyepfo ugana mu majyaruguru, kandi igihe cyo hejuru cy'ifumbire ya fosifeti nacyo kigeze. Ati: “Nubwo igihe cy’ifumbire cyatinze muri uyu mwaka, igipimo cy’inganda z’ifumbire ya fosifati cyiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara nyuma y’Ibirori by’impeshyi. Hatanzwe ingwate y’ifumbire mvaruganda ya fosifate, ishobora kuzuza byimazeyo ibikenerwa mu buhinzi bwo mu mpeshyi no kuyikoresha Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga rusange, igiciro cy’ifumbire ya fosifati mu gihe cyo guhinga kizakomeza kugenda neza.
Gutanga cyane no gutanga ingwate
Nyuma y’Iserukiramuco, hamwe n’isoko rikenewe ry’isoko ry’ubuhinzi ry’impeshyi ryatangiye rimwe na rimwe, rifatanije n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya politiki y’igihugu yo gutanga amasoko n’ibiciro bihamye, igipimo rusange cy’inganda z’ifumbire ya fosifeti cyakomeje kwiyongera, kandi umusaruro wiyongera buhoro buhoro. Ati: “Nubwo ibigo bimwe na bimwe byahuye n'ingorane mu itangwa ry'amabuye ya fosifate, ibyinshi muri byo bifite ibicanwa bihagije nk'amabuye ya fosifate, sulfure na ammonia synthique, ndetse n'umusaruro usanzwe w'ibihingwa. Igipimo rusange cyo gukoresha ubushobozi bwa fosifate ya monoammonium na diammonium fosifate ni 70%.” “Wang Ying yagize ati.
Isoko ryinshi rya fosifate ya monoammonium na fosifate ya diammonium mu Bushinwa rirakomeye, ku buryo nubwo hari ibicuruzwa byinshi byoherezwa mu mahanga buri mwaka, birashobora kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bitangwa mu gihugu. Kugeza ubu, inganda z’ifumbire ya fosifati ku gipimo cy’ibikorwa ntizigera kuri 80% by’urubanza, ntabwo zujuje ibyifuzo by’imbere mu gihugu gusa, ahubwo no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, bityo rero nta kibazo kiri mu itangwa ry’ubuhinzi bw’impeshyi.
Nk’uko byatangajwe na Li Hui, umuyobozi w'ikigo gishinzwe amakuru ku ifumbire mvaruganda mu Bushinwa, inyandiko nkuru yo mu mwaka wa mbere imaze gusohoka yongeye kuvuga ku kibazo cy’umutekano w’ibiribwa n’umusaruro uhamye ndetse no kongera umusaruro, ibyo bikaba byaratumye abahinzi bashishikarira guhinga, bityo bikazamura ibikenerwa mu buhinzi nk’ifumbire ya fosifati. Byongeye kandi, ubwiyongere bw’ifumbire mishya no kurengera ibidukikije ifumbire mishya ishingiye ku ifumbire mvaruganda irekura buhoro buhoro, ifumbire mvaruganda ya nitro, ifumbire y’amazi-ifumbire mvaruganda, ifumbire ya mikorobe n’ifumbire mvaruganda, nibindi, byateje imbere ubwiyongere bw’ifumbire ya fosifeti ku rugero runaka.
Ati: “Muri Gashyantare, impuzandengo y'ibarura rya cyclopylodium -isosiyete ya fosifati yari hafi toni 69.000, yiyongereyeho 118.92% umwaka -kumwaka; Muri rusange amategeko agenga politiki ya macro agenga ibiciro bizwi na leta bizwi na leta, biteganijwe ko hazatangwa ingwate yo gutanga ifumbire mvaruganda yo mu masoko ku isoko ry’ifumbire ya fosifate.
Ibiciro birahagaze kandi biratera imbere
Kugeza ubu, isoko yo kuvugurura fosifore iri mu gihe cyizuba cyo guhinga. Igihugu cyashyizeho politiki zitandukanye zo guharanira umutekano, kandi biteganijwe ko igiciro cy’ifumbire ya fosifeti kizamuka.
Ati: "Igiciro cy'amabuye ya fosifore cyazamutse gahoro gahoro, igiciro cya sulfuru kirazamuka, ammonia y'amazi ihagaze neza kandi ni nziza, kandi ibintu byose biteza imbere inkunga yo gutera inkunga ifumbire ya fosifate." Qiao Liying ati.
Wang Fuguang yasesenguye ko muri iki gihe itangwa ry'amabuye y'agaciro ya fosifore yo mu gihugu ari make, ibarura rusange rikaba rito, kandi umubare w'inganda urahagije. Muri rusange, kubera ubukana bw'amabuye ya fosifate, isoko riragenda ryiyongera, kandi igiciro cy'amabuye y'agaciro ya fosifate magufi aracyakomeza urwego rwo hejuru.
Byumvikane ko icyambu cya Yangtze icyambu cya granular yumuhondo rusange gitanga amafaranga 1300 (igiciro cya toni, kimwe hepfo), ugereranije no kuzamuka kwambere 30. Inzira yisoko rya fosifate ni nziza, kandi igiciro cyazamutseho gato. Amagambo y’ibinyabiziga bya fosifate 30% mu gace ka Guizhou ni 980 ~ 1100, amagambo y’ubwato bwa fosifate 30% mu gace ka Hubei ni 1035 ~ 1045, naho 30% by’amabuye ya fosifate mu gace ka Yunnan ni 1050 cyangwa hejuru yayo. Gusana no kunanirwa kw'uruganda rwa ammonia sintetike ntirwagaruwe neza, kandi isoko riracyari rito, ibyo bigatuma igiciro cya ammonia synthique cyongera kuzamuka, ku giciro cya 50 ~ 100 mu Bushinwa bwo hagati no mu burasirazuba bw'Ubushinwa.
"Ubucukuzi bwa fosifate ni umutungo w’ibigega by’ingamba, bigabanywa n’umutekano, kurengera ibidukikije n’ibindi bintu, bigira ingaruka ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro, bigatuma igiciro cyacyo gikomera. Kandi sulferi ikenera umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, sulferi iheruka, ibiciro bya aside ya sulfurike nabyo biriyongera, ku buryo byongera igiciro cy’umusaruro w’ifumbire ya fosifore. Ndatekereza ko igiciro cy’ifumbire ya fosifore kizaba gihagaze neza mu gihe cy’impeshyi. Zhao Chengyun ati.
Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho fatizo bya fosifate ya monoammonium bikomeje kwiyongera, inkunga nziza irashimangirwa, Hubei 55% yifu ya monoammonium fosifate y’uruganda rwibanze rwa 3200 ~ 3350, imitekerereze y’amasoko y’ifumbire mvaruganda yagaruwe, isoko ry’ejo hazaza riteganijwe kongera ibicuruzwa by’abacuruzi, isoko rya monoammonium na fosifate; Imyumvire yisoko ya fosifati ya diammonium yarateye imbere, agace ka Hubei 64% byuruganda nyamukuru rwavuzwe na fosifate ya diammonium hafi 3800, isoko ryo kwihuta, abacuruzi bo hepfo bategereza-bakabona imyumvire yacitse intege.
Irinde kugura hagati
Abashinzwe inganda bemeza ko, nubwo uyu mwaka igihe cy’ifumbire mvaruganda yo guhinga cyatinzeho iminsi igera kuri 20, ariko hamwe n’ikigereranyo gikenewe, ibiciro by’ifumbire ya fosifeti bizakomeza kuba byiza kandi bito, abacuruzi kugura hakiri kare kugira ngo birinde kugura hagati biterwa n’ingaruka zo kuzamuka kw'ibiciro.
Joli Ying yagize ati: "Muri rusange, isoko ry’ifumbire mvaruganda iriho ubu, imikorere idahwitse, igiciro cy’igihe gito kugira ngo ihungabanye. Mu gihe kirekire, tugomba kurushaho kwita ku mpinduka z’ibikoresho fatizo, ibikenerwa mu buhinzi bwo mu mpeshyi, na politiki yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze."
Ati: "Twungukiye ku iterambere ryihuse ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu, icyifuzo cya batiri ya lithium fer fosifate irakomeye, bituma hakenerwa fosifate, uburyo bwo guhanagura fosifate, na fosifate yo mu nganda. Bifitanye isano n’imiterere ihamye." ibintu, irinde ingaruka, menya inganda, menya inganda Igikorwa gihamye kandi uharanire inyungu nyinshi.
Wang Fuguang yahamagariye inganda z’ifumbire mvaruganda n’abacuruzi bashoramari mu buhinzi kugira uruhare rugaragara mu ifumbire mvaruganda yo guhinga, kureba neza uko isoko ryifashe ubu, kubika neza guhinga amasoko no gukoresha ifumbire n’ifumbire yo mu cyi. Ubusumbane bwibiciro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-15-2023