Umuyaga wo mu mpeshyi urashyuha, kandi byose biragaruka. Imirima n'amazu y'ubusitani bigaragaza ahantu hahuze cyane mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi. Uko ikirere kirimo gushyuha, umusaruro w'ubuhinzi urazamuka uva mu majyepfo ujya mu majyaruguru, kandi igihe cyo gufumbira ifumbire ya fosifore nacyo cyarageze. “Nubwo igihe cy'ifumbire cyatinze muri uyu mwaka, igipimo cy'imikorere y'inganda zifumbire ya fosifore cyariyongereye cyane nyuma y'iserukiramuco ry'impeshyi. Ifumbire ya fosifore irahari, ishobora guhaza neza ibyo ubuhinzi n'ikoreshwa ryayo. Mu gihe cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije muri rusange, igiciro cy'ifumbire ya fosifore mu gihe cyo guhinga mu mpeshyi kizakomeza kuba cyiza.
Ingwate ikomeye yo gutanga no gusaba
Nyuma y’Iserukiramuco ry’Impeshyi, bitewe n’uko isoko ry’ubuhinzi bw’impeshyi ryari rikenewe cyane, byatangiye kimwe ku kindi, hamwe no gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’igihugu yo kugenzura ko itangwa ry’ibicuruzwa rihagaze neza n’igiciro gihamye, igipimo rusange cy’imikorere y’inganda z’ifumbire ya fosifate cyakomeje kwiyongera, kandi umusaruro wariyongereye buhoro buhoro. “Nubwo hari ibigo byahuye n’ingorane mu kugura fosifate, byinshi muri byo bifite ibicanwa bihagije nk’amabuye ya fosifate, sulfure na amoniya y’ubukorikori, ndetse n’umusaruro usanzwe w’ibimera. Igipimo rusange cy’ubushobozi bwo gukoresha monoammonium phosphate na diammonium phosphate ni hafi 70%.” “Wang Ying yagize ati.”
Ubucucike bukabije bwa monoammonium phosphate na diammonium phosphate mu Bushinwa ni ikibazo gikomeye, bityo nubwo hari umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga buri mwaka, biracyashobora kwemeza ko bizatangwa mu gihugu. Kuri ubu, inganda z’ifumbire ya fosifeti mu rwego rwo gukora ntizigera kuri 80% by’ibyo, atari ukugira ngo zihuze gusa ibyo zikeneye mu gihugu, ahubwo no mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku buryo bunoze, bityo nta kibazo kiri mu buhinzi bwo mu mpeshyi.
Nk’uko byatangajwe na Li Hui, umuyobozi w’Ikigo gishinzwe gutanga amakuru ku ifumbire mvaruganda cy’Ubushinwa, inyandiko ya mbere iherutse gusohoka yongeye kuvuga ku kibazo cy’umutekano w’ibiribwa n’umusaruro uhamye n’umusaruro wiyongera, byakuruye ishyaka ry’abahinzi ryo guhinga, bityo bikanoza ibyo abahinzi bakeneye mu buhinzi nk’ifumbire ya fosifore. Byongeye kandi, kwiyongera kw’ifumbire mvaruganda nshya no kurengera ibidukikije bishingiye ku ifumbire mvaruganda igabanya ubukana bw’ifumbire, ifumbire ya nitro, ifumbire ishongesha amazi, ifumbire ifumbire ya mikorobe n’ifumbire ipakiye, n’ibindi, byanatumye ifumbire ya fosifore yiyongera ku rugero runaka.
“Muri Gashyantare, impuzandengo y’ibicuruzwa bya cyclopylodium-phosphate yari toni zigera ku 69.000, ubwiyongere bwa 118.92% ku mwaka; impuzandengo y’ibicuruzwa bya ammonium-phosphate yari toni zigera ku 83.800, ubwiyongere bwa 4.09% ku mwaka.” Dukurikije politiki rusange y’igenamigambi ry’igiciro cyizewe cya leta, biteganijwe ko ifumbire mvaruganda yo guhinga mu mpeshyi ku isoko ry’ifumbire mvaruganda ya fosifeti izatangwa neza.
Ibiciro birahamye kandi biratera imbere
Kuri ubu, isoko rya fosifore riri mu bihe bikomeye byo guhinga mu mpeshyi. Igihugu cyashyizeho politiki zitandukanye zo kugabanya ihindagurika ry'ingufu, kandi igiciro cy'ifumbire ya fosifore cyitezwe kuzamuka.
Qiao Liying yagize ati: “Igiciro cya fosifore cyazamutse buhoro buhoro, igiciro cya sulfur kiri kuzamuka, ammonia y’amazi irahamye kandi ni nziza, kandi ibintu bifatika bituma inkunga y’ifumbire ya fosifore ikomeza kwiyongera.”
Wang Fuguang yasesenguye ko ingano y’umutungo wa fosifore wo mu gihugu ubu iri hasi, ububiko muri rusange buri hasi, kandi umubare w’ibigo urahagije. Muri rusange, bitewe n’ubucucike bw’umutungo wa fosifore, isoko riri kugenda rigabanuka, kandi igiciro cy’umutungo wa fosifore w’igihe gito kiracyari hejuru.
Birumvikana ko igiciro cy’umuhondo cya Yangtze cya granular yellow central gitanga yuan 1300 (igiciro cya toni, kimwe kiri hasi), ugereranije n’izamuka rya mbere rya yuan 30. Isoko ry’amabuye y’agaciro ya fosfeti ni ryiza, kandi igiciro cyazamuwe gato. Igiciro cya 30% bya plaque y’imodoka ya fosfeti mu gace ka Guizhou ni yuan 980 ~ 1100, igiciro cya 30% bya plaque y’amabuye y’agaciro ya fosfeti mu gace ka Hubei ni yuan 1035 ~ 1045, naho igiciro cya 30% bya phosphate mu gace ka Yunnan ni yuan 1050 cyangwa hejuru. Gusana no kwangirika k’uruganda rwa amoniya rukora sintetike ntibyigeze bigaruka neza, kandi isoko riracyari rito, bituma igiciro cya amoniya ikora sintetike cyongera kuzamuka, kigera kuri yuan 50 ~ 100 mu Bushinwa bwo hagati no mu burasirazuba.
“Fosfeti ni umutungo kamere w’ingenzi, ubangamiwe n’umutekano, kurengera ibidukikije n’ibindi bintu, bigira ingaruka ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, bigatuma igiciro cyayo gikomeye. Kandi sulfiti ikenera umubare munini w’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, ibiciro bya sulfeti na aside sulfeti nabyo biriyongera, bigatuma ikiguzi cy’ifumbire ya fosfeti kizamuka cyane. Ndatekereza ko igiciro cy’ifumbire ya fosfeti kizaba gihamye mu gihe cy’ihinga ry’impeshyi, ariko hari n’amahirwe make yo kubona inyungu.” Zhao Chengyun yagize ati.
Kuri ubu, impera y'ibikoresho fatizo bya monoammonium phosphate ikomeje kwiyongera, inkunga nziza iri kwiyongera, ibiciro by'uruganda rwa Hubei 55% by'ifu ya monoammonium phosphate ya 3200 ~ 3350 yuan, imyumvire yo kugura ifumbire mvaruganda yo hasi yaragarutse, isoko ry'ejo hazaza ryitezweho kongera abacuruzi bagura, isoko rya monoammonium phosphate naryo rizashyuha cyane; Imyumvire y'isoko rya diammonium phosphate yariyongereye, agace ka Hubei ka 64% by'ibiciro by'uruganda bya diammonium phosphate bya 3800 yuan, isoko riri kwihuta, abacuruzi bo hasi bategereza bakabona imyumvire yabo igabanuka gato.
Irinde kugura ibintu mu buryo buhuriweho
Abahanga mu nganda bemeza ko, nubwo igihe cy'ifumbire mvaruganda yo mu mpeshyi uyu mwaka cyatinze iminsi igera kuri 20, ariko kubera ko haje ubusabe bukomeye, ibiciro by'ifumbire ya fosifate bizakomeza kuba bihamye kandi bito, abacuruzi bagomba kugura mbere y'igihe kugira ngo birinde kugura mu buryo buhuriweho bitewe n'ingaruka z'izamuka ry'ibiciro.
“Muri rusange, isoko ry’ifumbire mvaruganda rya fosifate rihagaze, igiciro cy’igihe gito kigomba kugabanuka. Mu gihe kirekire, dukwiye kwita cyane ku mpinduka mu bikoresho fatizo, ibyifuzo by’ubuhinzi bw’impeshyi, na politiki yo kohereza mu mahanga.” Joli Ying yagize ati: “Muri rusange, imikorere y’isoko ry’ifumbire mvaruganda ya fosifate irahagaze, igiciro cy’igihe gito kigomba kugabanuka. Mu gihe kirekire, dukwiye kwita cyane ku mpinduka mu bikoresho fatizo, ibyifuzo by’ubuhinzi bw’impeshyi, na politiki yo kohereza mu mahanga.”
“Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, bateri za fosifate za lithium iron zikenewe cyane, bituma fosifate ikenewe, uburyo bwo gusukura fosifate, na fosifate mu nganda zikenera isuku. Bigenda neza cyane. Wang Ying yavuze ko inganda zifumbire mvaruganda zigomba guhangana n’igiciro gikwiye, kwitondera ingaruka z’ibiza biterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku buhinzi no kwagura ubuso bw’aho zihingwa, no gukora ubushakashatsi no gusuzuma impinduka mu bintu byinshi bifitanye isano, kwirinda ibyago, kumenya inganda, kumenya imikorere ihamye y’inganda no guharanira inyungu nyinshi.”
Wang Fuguang yasabye ibigo by’ifumbire mvaruganda n’abacuruzi b’imari n’imigabane mu buhinzi kwitabira cyane ifumbire mvaruganda yo guhinga mu mpeshyi, bakareba neza uko isoko rihagaze ubu, bakagira ubushishozi bwo kuzigama ifumbire mvaruganda no gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda n’ifumbire yo mu mpeshyi. Ubusumbane bw’ibiciro.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-15-2023