Sodiyumu Bikarubonate, formula ya molekile ni NAHCO₃，ni ikintu kidahinduka, gifite ifu yera ya kristu, nta mpumuro, gifite umunyu, cyoroshye gushonga mu mazi. Kirabora buhoro buhoro mu mwuka ushushe cyangwa mu mwuka ushyushye, kikabyara dioxyde de carbone, kandi gishyushye kugeza kuri 270 ° C kikabora burundu. Iyo gifite aside, kirabora cyane, kikabyara dioxyde de carbone.
Bikarubonate ya sodiyumu ikoreshwa cyane mu gusesengura ubutabire, imikorere idashingiye ku bimera, umusaruro w’inganda, umusaruro w’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi.
Imiterere ifatika:sodium bicarbonateni kristu y'umweru, cyangwa kristu z'umukara zitagira impumuro ni kristu ntoya, zitarimo impumuro mbi, zifite umunyu muto kandi zikonje, kandi zoroshye gushonga mu mazi na glycerin, kandi ntizishongeshwa muri ethanol. Gushonga mu mazi ni 7.8g (18℃), 16.0g (60℃), ubucucike ni 2.20g / cm3, igipimo ni 2.208, igipimo cyo kugarura ubushyuhe ni α: 1.465; β: 1.498; γ: 1.504, entropy isanzwe 24.4J / (mol · K), itanga ubushyuhe 229.3kj / mol, ubushyuhe bushongeshejwe 4.33kj / mol, n'ubushobozi bushyushye （Cp）20.89J / (mol · °C) (22°C).
Imiterere y'ibinyabutabire:
1. Aside na alkali
Umuti w'amazi wa sodium bicarbonate urimo alkaline nkeya bitewe na hydrolysis: HCO3-+H2O⇌H2CO3+OH-, pH y'umuti w'amazi wa 0.8% ni 8.3.
2. Guhangana n'aside
Bikarubonate ya sodiyumu ishobora gukorana na aside, nka bikarubonate ya sodiyumu na hydrochloride: nahco3+HCL = NaCl+CO2 ↑+H2O.
3. Uburyo bwo kuvura alkali
Sodium bicarbonate ishobora gukorana na alkali. Urugero, sodium bicarbarbonate na sodium hydroxide reaction: nahco3+naOh = Na2CO3+H2O; na calcium hydroxide reactions, niba ingano ya sodium bicarbonate yuzuye, hari: 2NAHCO3+CA (OH) 2 = CACO3 ↓+NA2CO3+2H2O;
Iyo hari ingano nto ya sodium bicarbonate, hari: Nahco3+CA (OH) 2 = CACO3 ↓+Naoh+H2O.
4. Uburyo umunyu utera
A. Sodium bicarbonate ishobora kongera hydrolysis hamwe na aluminium chloride na aluminium chloride, kandi ikabyara aluminium hydroxide, umunyu wa sodium na dioxyde de carbone.
3AHCO3 + AlCl3 = Al (OH) 3 ↓ + 3ACL + 3CO2 ↑; 3AHCO3 + Al (CLO3) 3 = Al (OH) 3 ↓ + 3AClo3 + 3CO2 ↑.
B. Sodium bicarbonate ishobora gukorana n'ibisubizo bimwe na bimwe by'umunyu mu cyuma, nka: 2HCO3-+Mg2+= CO2 ↑+MgCo3 ↓+H2O.
5. Gushonga bitewe n'ubushyuhe
Imiterere ya sodium bicarbonate irahamye iyo ubushyuhe burenze 50 ° C, kandi biroroshye kuyisesagura. Irabora vuba iyo iri hejuru ya 50 ° C. Iyo iri hejuru ya 270 ° C, dioxyde de carbone irabura burundu. Nta mpinduka iba mu mwuka wumye kandi ibora buhoro buhoro mu mwuka utose. Gushonga Ingano y'ibisubizo: 2NAHCO3NA2CO3 + CO2 ↑ + H2O.
Ahantu ho gusaba akazi:
1. Gukoresha muri laboratwari
Sodiyumu bikarubonateikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gusesengura kandi ikanakoreshwa mu gukora inorganic synthesis. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutegura sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate buffer solution. Iyo wongeyeho aside cyangwa alkali nke, ishobora gutuma ingano ya hydrogen igumana nta mpinduka zikomeye, zishobora gutuma pH y'umubiri igumana ihamye.
2. Imikoreshereze y'inganda
Bikarubonate ya sodiyumu ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bizimya umuriro bya pH n'ibikoresho bizimya umuriro bya foam, naho bikarubonate ya sodiyumu mu nganda za kabuno ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora kabuno na siponji. Bikarubonate ya sodiyumu mu nganda zikora ibyuma ishobora gukoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo gushonga mu gucukura ibishushanyo by'icyuma. Bikarubonate ya sodiyumu mu nganda zikora ibyuma ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umufasha mu gushushanya umucanga w'icyuma (sandwiches). Bikarubonate ya sodiyumu mu nganda zikora ibyuma bicukurwaho ibara ishobora gukoreshwa nk'igikoresho gishyiraho amabara, aside-base buffer, n'igikoresho cyo gutunganya irangi ry'imyenda mu gucapa irangi; kongeramo soda mu irangi bishobora gukumira irangi muri kabuno. Kwirinda.
3. Imikoreshereze y'ibiryo mu gutunganya
Mu gutunganya ibiribwa, sodium bicarbonate ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibisuguti n'umugati. Ibara ryayo ni umuhondo w'umukara. Ni dioxyde de carbone mu kinyobwa cya soda; ishobora kuvangwa na alum ikavamo ifu ya alkaline, cyangwa ishobora kuba igizwe na citromes nk'amabuye ya civil alkali; ariko kandi ikaba ikoreshwa mu kubika amavuta. Ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibara ry'imbuto n'imboga mu gutunganya imboga. Kongeramo hafi 0.1% kugeza 0.2% bya sodium bicarbonate iyo koza imbuto n'imboga bishobora gutuma imboga zihora zimeze neza. Iyo sodium bicarbonate ikoreshejwe nk'ikoreshwa mu gutunganya imbuto n'imboga, ishobora kongera pH y'imbuto n'imboga itetse imbuto n'imboga, bishobora kongera pH y'imbuto n'imboga, kunoza amazi ya poroteyine, guteza imbere koroshya uturemangingo tw'ibiryo, no gushonga ibice bigabanya ubukana bw'ibiryo. Byongeye kandi, hari ingaruka ku mata y'ihene, hamwe n'ikoreshwa rya 0.001% ~ 0.002%.
4. Ubuhinzi n'ubworozi
Sodiyumu bikarubonateishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvoma mu buhinzi, kandi ishobora no kwishyura ibura rya lysine mu biryo. Sodiyumu bicarbonate ishobora gushonga mu mazi make cyangwa ikavanga mu gikoresho cyo kugaburira inka (ingano ikwiye) kugira ngo irusheho gukura neza. Nanone ishobora kongera cyane umusaruro w'amata y'inka zitanga amata.
5. Gukoresha mu buvuzi
Bikarubonate ya sodiyumu ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo mu miti, ikoreshwa mu kuvura aside nyinshi yo mu gifu, uburozi bwa aside metabolike, ndetse no mu nkari za alkaline mu gukumira amabuye ya aside urike. Ishobora kandi kugabanya uburozi bw'impyiko bw'imiti ya sulfa, no kubuza hemoglobine kwinjira mu muyoboro w'impyiko iyo habayeho hemolysis ikomeye, no kuvura ibimenyetso biterwa na aside nyinshi yo mu gifu; guterwa imitsi mu mitsi ntabwo ari umwihariko w'uburozi bw'imiti. Ingaruka zo kuvura. Kuribwa umutwe buri gihe, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, isesemi, kuruka, nibindi.
Icyitonderwa cyo kubika no gutwara: Sodium bicarbonate ntabwo ari ikintu kibi, ariko kigomba kwirindwa ubushuhe. Bika mu gikoresho cyumye gifasha guhumeka. Ntukavange na aside. Soda yo guteka ntigomba kuvangwa n'ibintu byangiza kugira ngo hirindwe umwanda.
Gupakira: 25KG/ISAKOSHI
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-17-2023