Kuva muri Gashyantare, igabanuka ry’ibiciro bya diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) ku isoko rya Yin ryagabanutse cyane, ariko ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo byazamutse cyane, nko ku ya 20 Gashyantare mu karere ka Shandong aniline yazamutseho yuan 1000 (igiciro cya toni, kimwe kiri hasi). “Ikiguzi gishyigikira icyifuzo gikomeye cyo kuzamuka buhoro buhoro, cyangwa bizakura isoko rya MDI mu bihe bikomeye, bifungure isoko.” Abantu benshi mu nganda bakoze ubushakashatsi n’ubushishozi byavuzwe haruguru.
Inkunga ikomeye ku giciro
Aniline y'ibikoresho fatizo ingana na 75% by'ikiguzi cya MDI. Vuba aha, igiciro cya aniline kirimo kuzamuka, kandi inkunga ya MDI yo gupima ibiciro iri kwiyongera.
Kugeza ku ya 21 Gashyantare, igiciro cy’ingufu za aniline ku isoko cy’Ubushinwa bw’Amajyaruguru cyari yuan 12.200, cyiyongereyeho yuan 1950 ugereranije no ku ya 28 Mutarama, ubwiyongere bwa 19.12%; Kuva ku ya 17 Gashyantare, cyiyongereyeho yuan 1200, cyangwa 10.96%.
“Izamuka rikomeye ry’isoko rya aniline riterwa ahanini n’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa byo hagati n’ibyo hasi. Ubusabe bwa aniline bwariyongereye, kandi inganda nyinshi zizafungwa kugira ngo zibungabungwe, icyizere cy’isoko kiyongere, abakora ibicuruzwa birukanwa vuba, kandi igiciro cya aniline cyariyongereye cyane,” nk’uko byatangajwe n’umuyobozi mukuru wa Shandong Kenli Petrochemical Group, Wang Quanping, mu isesengura.
Kugeza ubu, Nanhua yahagaritse toni 100.000 z'igikoresho cya aniline ku mwaka; Chongqing BASF ifite toni 300.000 z'igihe cyo guparika umushinga wo gushyiraho indege, biteganijwe ko izamara ukwezi kumwe; Ningbo Wanhua ifite toni 720.000 z'igihe cyo gupakira indege ku mwaka, 50% by'umutwaro.
Urebye mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibiciro bya aniline, isoko rya benzene nziza ryo mu gihugu ryahindutse cyane. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'amabwiriza yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Burasirazuba bw'u Bushinwa ryagabanutseho gato. Isoko rya benzene nziza ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ryazamutse, igiciro cyo hanze cyarazamutse, igiciro cya benzene nziza cyo mu gihugu "concave", nyiri isoko rya nyuma y'icyumweru cya bullish.
“Mbere y’uko igiciro cya aniline kidazamuka, inyungu mpuzandengo y’uruganda rwa MDI rutunganya polymerization mu gihugu yari hafi 3273 yuan. Ubwiyongere bw’ibikoresho fatizo bizagabanya inyungu ya MDI mu gutunganya polymerization, binongere ubushake bw’inganda mu kugena ibiciro.” Wang Quanping yavuze ko ku isoko rya nyuma ya saa sita, isoko rya aniline rigaragara ko ryagabanutse, kandi ububiko bushobora kugabanuka ku rwego rwo hasi. Biteganijwe ko igiciro cya aniline kizakomeza kuzamuka mu gihe gito, bigashyigikira isoko rya MDI ritunganya polymerized mu gihe habayeho ikiguzi.
Gusaba gusana intambwe ku yindi
Kubera ko isoko rya polyether rya polymeric MDI ryagiye ritera imbere buhoro buhoro vuba aha. Riyobowe na propylene oxyde nk'ibikoresho fatizo, isoko rya polyether ryafunguye uburyo bwo gukurura. Hafi ukwezi kumwe, igiciro cya polyether cyarazamutse, imbaraga z'uburemere zarazamutse, Iserukiramuco ry'Impeshyi ryazamutseho amayuan 800.
Ku ruhande rw'ibicuruzwa, imizigo ya polyether irahagije, ariko isoko nyamukuru ry'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo bikomeze kuba bito. Inganda nini zo mu majyaruguru no mu majyepfo ziteguye gushyigikira isoko, kandi ahantu henshi ho gukorera inganda za polyether haracyari hake kubera propylene oxide. Byongeye kandi, abakora ibicuruzwa bafite ububiko runaka, kandi nyuma y'Iserukiramuco ry'Impeshyi, isoko rya propylene oxide riri mu nzira itunguranye, kandi ikiguzi cy'ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa byarangiye ntabwo kiri hasi. Bivugwa ko ubushake bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa bwinshi ari cyo kintu gikuru mu gihe cya vuba.
“Mu minsi ishize, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byitezwe ko biziyongera, ariko ingano ya polyether yoroshye ni mike, uruganda rukuru rwo mu gihugu rugendera ku myumvire y’umujyi.” Injeniyeri mukuru w’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Inganda n’Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru rya Shandong, Pan Jinsong, yagize ati: “Mu minsi ishize, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byitezwe ko biziyongera, ariko ingano ya polyether yoroshye ni mike, uruganda runini rwo mu gihugu rugendera ku myumvire y’umujyi.”
Ukurikije uko ibintu byifuzwa, uburyo ibintu bicuruzwa mu bucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu bihagaze neza, kandi uburyo ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bw’imbere mu nganda zizakorwa muri Werurwe. Muri Werurwe, hazaba imurikagurisha ry’ibikoresho byo mu nzu, cyangwa bizazana inyungu nziza ku isoko ry’ibikoresho fatizo. Ubusanzwe, ni ukwezi kwa Nyakanga ku bagize umuryango wa Amazon. Biteganijwe ko kuzagira uruhare runini mu bucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa mu bwoko bwa sponge nyuma ya Mata.
Ukurikije ibikoresho fatizo, imitako mishya ya okiside ya okiside mu mpera za Gashyantare ni peterolikemike gusa, kandi ibyo hitezwe ku gikoresho cya Ida cyangwa kongera gutangira gukoresha. Ibikoresho bisigaye nta kwiyongera gukomeye bifite mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Kubera ko icyiciro cya mbere cya Zhenhai Refining na Chemical kimaze guhagarara, isoko ntabwo riri hejuru, kandi inkunga y'ikiguzi iri hejuru. Biteganijwe ko ibiciro bya okiside propyne bishobora kuzamuka kandi bigoye kugabanuka, kandi biracyashyigikira isoko rya polyether.
Muri rusange, hari ibimenyetso by'uko icyifuzo cya nyuma kizaba kirangiye, bizatuma isoko rusange rya MDI rizamuka.
Igabanuka ryitezwe ry'ibitangwa
Kugeza ubu, igabanuka ry'isoko rusange ry'imbere mu gihugu ryagabanutse, kandi igiciro cy'itangwa ahanini ni 15.500 ~ 15.800 yuan, naho igiciro cy'itangwa ry'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga (MR200, M200) ni 15.300 ~ 15.600 yuan.
Pan Jinsong yagize ati: “Kuri ubu, igiciro cya MDI cyo guhuriza hamwe kiracyari ku rwego rwo hasi mu myaka hafi itatu ishize. Kubera ko hari gahunda nziza zo gukumira no kurwanya icyorezo ndetse n’ubukungu bukiri mu nzira yo kuzamuka, isoko rya MDI ryahujwe rigenda rizamuka buhoro buhoro mu byiciro. Abatanga ibicuruzwa bahana umwanya kandi bagenda bazamuka buhoro buhoro binyuze mu mategeko agenga isoko hakurikijwe umuvuduko w’ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa ku nshuro yaryo.”
Ku ruhande rw'ibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa bitangwa ni bike, MDI itangwa muri rusange iracyari hejuru, imyumvire y'isoko iri kwitonda. Kubera kubungabunga abatanga ibicuruzwa no gutanga ibicuruzwa buhoro buhoro, icyifuzo cyo kubisaba kiriyongera, ikirere cyo kugura kirimo gushyuha, kandi uburemere bw'ibicuruzwa bitangwa muri rusange burimo kwiyongera.
Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya MDI bingana na toni 400.000 ku mwaka i Chongqing byinjiye mu rwego rwo kubungabunga ku ya 5 Gashyantare, biteganijwe ko bizamara igihe kugeza hagati muri Werurwe. Ibikoresho bya Ningbo bingana na toni 800.000 ku mwaka bizahagarikwa kubungabungwa kuva ku ya 13 Gashyantare, bikamara iminsi igera kuri 30. Biteganijwe ko umusaruro wa MDI uzaba toni zigera ku 152.000 muri Gashyantare, bigabanutseho toni 23.300 ugereranyije n'ukwezi gushize.
Muri make, inkunga ikomeye y’ibiciro bya MDI rusange, igabanuka ryitezwe ry’ibicuruzwa ku isoko, ndetse no kuzamuka buhoro buhoro kw’ibikenewe, imbaraga eshatu zihuriweho zishobora gufasha isoko rya MDI gukuraho ubwiza no kuva mu muvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’ibiciro.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-06-2023