Mu rwego rw'impinduramatwara nshya mu bya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga ndetse no kwiyongera k'ubukungu bw'isi, ubushobozi bushya bwo gutanga umusaruro bwaragabanutse, mu gihe amashami mashya akomeza kwaguka. Biteganijwe ko amashami afitanye isano nk'ibikoresho bya fluorine, ibinyabutabire bya fosifore, aramide n'izindi nganda azakomeza. Nanone ifite icyizere ku iterambere ryayo.
Inganda zikora imiti ikomoka kuri fluorine: Isoko rikomeje kwaguka
Mu 2022, imikorere y’ibigo byashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibikomoka kuri fluorochemical yari myiza cyane. Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, mu bihembwe bitatu bya mbere, inyungu y’ibigo birenga 10 byashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibikomoka kuri fluorochemical yiyongereye umwaka wose, kandi inyungu y’ibigo bimwe na bimwe yiyongeraho inshuro zirenga 6 buri mwaka. Kuva kuri firigo kugeza ku bikoresho bishya bya fluoride, kugeza kuri bateri nshya z’ingufu za lithium, ibicuruzwa bya fluoride byakomeje kwagura isoko ryabyo hamwe n’inyungu zabyo zidasanzwe.
Fluorite ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyane mu ruhererekane rw'inganda zikora fluoride. Aside ya hydrofluoride ikozwe mu bikoresho fatizo ni yo shingiro ry'inganda zikora fluoride zigezweho. Nk'ishingiro ry'uruhererekane rw'inganda zikora fluoride, aside ya hydrofluoride ni yo shingiro ry'ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora ibikomoka kuri fluoride hagati n'ibikomoka ku ruzi. Inganda z'ingenzi zo mu ruhererekane rw'inganda zikora fluoride zirimo refrigerant.
Dukurikije "Montreal Protocol", mu 2024, umusaruro n'ikoreshwa ry'ibice bitatu bya firigo mu gihugu cyanjye bizahagarara ku rwego rw'ibanze. Raporo y'Ubushakashatsi ku byerekeye imari ya Yangtze yemera ko nyuma y'izamuka ry'ibice bitatu bya firigo, ibigo bishobora gusubira ku rwego rw'isoko rw'ibicuruzwa. Igipimo cya firigo ...
Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Nganda z’Ubucuruzi cy’Ubushinwa giteganya ko hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ingufu nshya, imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, semiconductors, electronics, n’inganda z’ubuvuzi, ibikoresho bikoresha fluorine, monomer yihariye ya fluoride, fluoride coolant, ubwoko bushya bw’ibikoresho bizimya umuriro birimo fluorine, nibindi. Iterambere ry’ubwoko bushya bw’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibinyabutabire byiza birimo fluorine ryakomeje kwiyongera. Isoko ry’izi nganda riri hasi rikomeje kwaguka, bizazana iterambere rishya mu nganda zikoresha ibinyabutabire birimo fluoride.
Ikigo cy’Ubushinwa Galaxy Securities na Guosen Securities bizera ko ibikoresho by’ubutabire byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byitezwe ko bizakomeza kongera igipimo cyo gushyira mu mwanya wabyo, bizeye ko hari ibyuma bya fluorite nka fluorite-refrigerant.
Inganda z'ibinyabutabire bya fosifore: Uburyo bwo gukoresha ibinyabutabire mu gice cyo hasi bwaragutse
Mu 2022, bitewe n’ivugurura ry’imiterere y’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku bimera n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu “dual control”, ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora ibikomoka ku bimera bya fosifore bufite ubushobozi buke bwo gukora n’ibiciro biri hejuru, ibyo bikaba ari byo bishyiraho urufatiro rw’imikorere y’urwego rw’ibimera bya fosifore.
Amabuye ya fosfate ni yo akoreshwa mu nganda zikora imiti ya fosfate. Ifumbire ya fosfate irimo ifumbire, fosfate yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa, fosfate y'icyuma ya lithiamu n'ibindi bicuruzwa. Muri byo, fosfate y'icyuma ya lithiamu ni yo itera imbere cyane mu nganda zikora imiti ya fosfate ubu.
Birumvikana ko buri toni 1 ya fosfeti y'icyuma ikorwa na toni 0.5 ~ 0.65, na toni 0.8 za fosfeti imwe ya ammonium. Ukwiyongera kwihuta kw'ubukene bwa fosfeti y'icyuma ya lithium ku ruhererekane rw'inganda kugera ku ikwirakwizwa ry'amazi bizamura ubukene bwa fosfeti mu rwego rw'ingufu nshya. Mu buryo nyabwo bwo gukora, bateri ya fosfeti y'icyuma ya lithium ya 1gWh isaba toni 2500 z'ibikoresho bya fosfeti y'icyuma ya lithium, bingana na toni 1440 za fosfeti (gupfunyika, ni ukuvuga P2O5 = 100%). Biteganyijwe ko mu 2025, ubukene bwa fosfeti y'icyuma buzagera kuri toni miliyoni 1.914, kandi ubukene bwa fosfeti bungana na toni miliyoni 1.11, bungana na 4.2% by'ubukene bwose bwa fosfeti.
Raporo y’ubushakashatsi ku byerekeye imari ya Guosen yizeye ko ibintu byinshi bizafasha mu iterambere rirambye ry’inganda zikora imiti ya fosifore. Ukurikije uko ibintu bigenda bizamuka, mu rwego rwo kwiyongera kw’inganda mu gihe kizaza ndetse no kurengera ibidukikije, uruhande rw’ibicuruzwa biziyongera ruzakomeza gukabya, kandi imiterere y’umutungo igaragara cyane. Ibiciro by’ingufu z’amahanga byazamutse kugira ngo biteze imbere ikiguzi kinini cy’imiti ya fosifore mu mahanga, kandi inyungu ku nganda zikora imbere mu gihugu zaragaragaye. Byongeye kandi, ikibazo cy’ibinyampeke ku isi n’iterambere ry’ubuhinzi bizamura izamuka ry’ifumbire ya fosifore; ukwiyongera gukabije kwa bateri za fosifore z’icyuma nabyo bitanga ukwiyongera gukomeye mu gukenerwa kwa fosifore.
Capital Securities yavuze ko impamvu nyamukuru y’izamuka rishya ry’ibiciro ku isi ari urwego rw’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro, harimo no kudakoresha neza imari mu myaka 5-10 ishize y’umutungo w’amabuye y’agaciro, harimo no kubura amafaranga y’imari mu myaka 5-10 ishize, no kurekura ubushobozi bushya bizatwara igihe kirekire. Ihungabana ry’ubukungu bw’amabuye y’agaciro ya fosifore mu mwaka biragoye kugabanya.
Imigabane ifunguye yizeye ko inzira nshya y'ingufu yakomeje gutera imbere cyane kandi imaze igihe kinini ifite icyizere ku bikoresho byo hejuru nk'ibinyabutabire bya fosifore.
Aramid:Udushya kugira ngo tugere ku bucuruzi bwihuse
Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda zikora ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, aramid yakomeje gukurura abantu benshi ku isoko ry'imari n'imigabane.
Fibre ya Aramide ni imwe muri fibre eshatu zikora neza ku isi. Irimo mu nganda zikora ingamba z’igihugu kandi ni n'igikoresho cy’ingenzi cyo gushyigikira igihugu mu gihe kirekire. Muri Mata 2022, Minisiteri y’Inganda n’Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru na Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe Iterambere n’Ivugurura byatanze igitekerezo cy’uko ari ngombwa kunoza urwego rw’umusaruro wa fibre ukorwa neza no gushyigikira ikoreshwa rya aramide mu nganda zikora neza.
Aramid ifite imiterere ibiri ya aramid n'uburyo bwo hagati, kandi igice cy'ingenzi kirimo inganda zikora insinga za fibre. Amakuru agaragaza ko mu 2021, ingano y'isoko rya aramid ku isi yari miliyari 3.9 z'amadolari y'Amerika, kandi biteganijwe ko iziyongera zikagera kuri miliyari 6.3 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu 2026, hamwe n'igipimo cy'izamuka ry'ubukungu ku mwaka cya 9.7%.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inganda z’insinga z’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa zateye imbere cyane kandi zazamutse ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi. Imibare ituruka muri Minisiteri y’Inganda n’Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru igaragaza ko uburebure bwose bw’insinga z’amashanyarazi mu gihugu mu 2021 bwageze kuri kilometero miliyoni 54.88, kandi icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa bya aramid byo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyari hafi toni 4.000, muri byo 90% biracyashingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Kugeza mu gice cya mbere cya 2022, uburebure bwose bw’insinga z’amashanyarazi mu gihugu bwageze kuri kilometero miliyoni 57.91, ubwiyongere bwa 8.2% ku mwaka.
Yangtze Securities, Huaxin Securities, na Guosen Securities bizera ko mu bijyanye n'ikoreshwa, amahame y'ibikoresho byo kwikingira biri hagati muri aramid azagenda atera imbere buhoro buhoro, kandi icyifuzo cya aramid mu rwego rw'itumanaho ry'amatara na rubber kizakomeza gukomera. Byongeye kandi, icyifuzo cy'isoko ry'ibirahure bya lithium-electrodermilida ni kinini. Bitewe n'ubwihutirwe bw'ibindi bikoresho bya aramid mu gihugu, urwego rw'ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu mu gihe kizaza rwitezweho kwiyongera cyane, kandi imigabane ijyanye n'ibyo bikoresho ikwiye kwitabwaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 10-2023