aside asetikiizwi cyane nka ACOH, yitiriwe kuba ikintu nyamukuru kigize vinegere, kandi ni imwe muri aside irike y'ingenzi cyane. Ubwoko bw'ubudahangarwa muri kamere muri rusange bwabaga mu bimera byinshi. CH3COOH y'ibinyabutabire. Guteka no gukoresha vinegere bifite amateka y'imyaka ibihumbi. Mu Bushinwa bwa kera, byanditswe muri vinegere. Ariko aside asetiki yashyizwemo ni igitabo cyakozwe na Stahl mu 1700. Aside asetiki ni amazi adafite ibara kandi afite uburyohe butuma umuntu arakara. Ahantu ho gushonga ni 16.6 ° C, aho kubira ni 117.9 ° C, naho ubucucike ni 1.049 (20/4 ° C). Ishonga mu mazi, etanoli, glycerine, eteri na chloride ya karuboni; ntishongera muri karubonide. Inyamaswa zo mu mazi zitagira amazi zihuzwa mu ishusho y'urubura, izwi cyane nka aside asetiki y'urubura. Irangirika. Ni aside organic nke kandi ifite aside, kandi ishobora gutera ingaruka za esterization hamwe na alcool.
Imiterere y'ibinyabutabire:aside asetiki(AcOH) ni aside karubokisilike ifite intege nke. Ifite imiterere iranga aside karubokisilike. Ikorana n'ibyuma bimwe na bimwe, okiside z'ibyuma na hydroxide kugira ngo ikore umunyu. Aside nyinshi za acetic zifite akamaro kanini. Acetate y'ibanze ya ferric [Fe(C2H3OO)6OH(OOCCH3)2] na [Fe3(C2H3OO)6(OH)2(OOCCH3)] na acetate y'icyitegererezo byakoreshejwe nk'imvange, maze acetate ya ferrous ikoreshwa mu gucapa. Aside asetic na alcohol byarahinduwe. Imvange ishobora kandi gukorwa hamwe na hydrocarbon idafite amazi mu gihe cy'ibikorwa bya catalyst. Alpha-hydrogen ishobora gusimburwa na halogens; Na formaldehyde mu gihe cy'ibikorwa bya catalyst, mu murongo wa Chemicalbook wa alcohol aldehyde condensation; Iyo aside nitrique ishyizwe muri aside asetic, igipimo cya nitrating gishobora kongerwa. Ikorana na benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride na aside benzoic birashobora gukorwa. Aside asetiki ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibintu bitandukanye by'ingenzi, nka methyl acetate, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, nibindi, ni umuti mwiza cyane mu nganda zisiga amarangi n'irangi. Acetate ya selulosi, ikorwa binyuze mu mikoranire ya acetiki anhydride na selulosi, ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora irangi rya filime, irangi ripfapfaizwa n'ibindi bikoresho bya pulasitiki bitandukanye. Selulosi ya karboksimetili ishobora gutegurwa hakoreshejwe aside chloroacetic. Acetate ya vinyl ikorwa na aside asetiki na acetilene ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gukora imiti, amarangi n'ibirungo, ndetse n'umuti w'ingenzi mu gutunganya kabutura. Aside asetiki igira uruhare runini mu musaruro w'inganda no mu gukora irangi ry'ibinyabuzima.
Ahantu ho gusaba
Ikoreshwa mu nganda
1. aside asetikini ikintu kinini gikoreshwa mu buvuzi kandi ni kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi cyane bikomoka ku bimera. Gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora ethidine, ethyls na ethyl acetate. Polyetate ethyl ester ishobora gukorwamo firime na kole, kandi ni ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora fibre ya sintetike Velun. Celulose ya aside ethyl acetic acid ishobora gukora filime za silk na firime z’ubukorano.
2. Asetate ya ethyl ikorwa na alcool yo mu rwego rwo hasi ni umuti mwiza cyane kandi ukoreshwa cyane mu nganda z’irangi. Kubera ko ibintu byinshi by’umwimerere bishongesha aside asetiki, aside asetiki nayo ikoreshwa cyane mu bintu by’umwimerere (urugero, mu gukora aside aside phenylene).
3. Aside asetiki ishobora gukoreshwa mu bisubizo bimwe na bimwe byavanzwe kandi bisukuye, nk'ikintu gikingira (nk'ibumba rya galvanizing na nickel plating) mu gisubizo cya aside nke, kongeramo inyongera muri electrolyte ya nickel yuzuye hemuminal, no gukwirakwiza zinc na cadmium. Igisubizo gishobora kunoza imbaraga zo gufatana kwa firime ya passivation kandi gikunze gukoreshwa mu kugena pH ya aside nke.
4. Ikoreshwa mu gukora umunyu w'icyuma, nka manganese, sodium, lisansi, aluminiyumu, zinki, kobalti n'ibindi byuma, bikoreshwa cyane nk'ibikatakata, irangi ry'imyenda n'inganda zikora uruhu. Isansi ya aside fouritike ni reagent y'umwimerere (nk'isansi ya aside tetraitike ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umusemburo ukomeye wa okiside, isoko ya ogisijeni ya acetyl, no gutegura imvange ya lisansi ya organic, nibindi).
5. Aside asetiki ishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'ibisubizo by'isesengura, imikorere y'ibinyabuzima, ibara ry'uruhu n'imikorere y'imiti.
Gukoresha ibiryo
Mu nganda z'ibiribwa,aside asetikiikoreshwa nk'ikintu gitera aside. Iyo impumuro nziza n'ibirungo bikoreshejwe mu gukora vinegere y'ubukorikori, aside asetiki ivangwa kugeza kuri 4-5%, kandi uburyohe butandukanye bwongerwamo. Ihendutse. Nk'ikintu gitera aside, ishobora gukoreshwa mu birungo bivanze. Itegurwa gukoreshwamo vinegere, amacupa, jeli na foromaje. Ushobora kandi gukora impumuro nziza ifite 0.1 ～ 0.3 g/kg.
Kubika no gutwara
Ibipimo byo kubika: Bika mu bubiko bukonje kandi bufite umwuka mwiza. Bika kure y'umuriro n'ubushyuhe. Mu gihe cy'itumba, ubushyuhe bwo kubika bugomba kurenga 16°C kugira ngo budakomera. Bika ikintu gifunze. Kigomba kubikwa ukwacyo kitavanzwe na okisideri na alkali, kandi ntikigomba kuvangwa. Amatara n'ibikoresho byo guhumeka bidaturika birakoreshwa. Ntugakoreshe ibikoresho bya mekanike n'ibikoresho bishobora kwangiza. Ahabikwa hagomba kuba hari ibikoresho byo kuvurwa byihutirwa n'ibikoresho bikwiye byo gufata.
Ingamba zo gutwara: Iki gicuruzwa kizoherezwa n'imodoka zitwara ibigega bya aluminiyumu zitangwa n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi bya aluminiyumu mu gihe cyo gutwara abantu muri gari ya moshi, kandi kwemeza amashami abishinzwe bigomba kumenyeshwa mbere yo koherezwa. Gutwara abantu muri gari ya moshi bitari mu macupa bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa biteje akaga mu "Amategeko yo Gutwara Abantu mu Bicuruzwa Biteje Akaga" ya Minisiteri y'Imari ya Moshi. Gupakira bigomba kuba byuzuye kandi imitwaro igomba kuba ifite umutekano. Mu gihe cyo gutwara abantu, menya neza ko kontineri idatemba, idasenyuka, idagwa cyangwa ngo yangirike. Imodoka ikoreshwa mu gutwara abantu igomba kuba ifite umuyoboro ucagaguye, kandi hagashyirwaho umwobo mu mwobo kugira ngo bigabanye amashanyarazi adahindagurika aterwa no gushyuha. Birabujijwe cyane kuvanga n'imiti ihumanya, alkali n'ibinyabutabire biribwa. Gutwara abantu mu muhanda bigomba gukurikiza inzira yagenwe, ntibigume mu duce dutuwemo abantu benshi kandi dutuwe n'abantu benshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-23-2023