Polyurethane ni ibikoresho bishya byimiti.Kubera imikorere myiza no gukoresha bitandukanye, izwi nka "plastike ya gatanu nini".Kuva mu bikoresho, imyambaro, kugeza ubwikorezi, ubwubatsi, siporo, n’ikirere ndetse n’ubwubatsi bw’ingabo z’igihugu, ibikoresho bya polyurethane biboneka hose ni abahagarariye udushya tw’ibikoresho bishya by’imiti kandi ni inkunga ikomeye igihugu cyanjye cyubaka igihugu gikomeye.
Nyuma yimyaka irenga 20 yiterambere ryihuse ryinganda zibisi za polyurethane, yerekanye impinduka kuva mubunini -ku -uburinganire.Ubuhanga bwo gukora nubushobozi bwa isocyanate bwashyizwe kumwanya wambere kwisi.Yinjiye mugihe cyo kuzamura ikoranabuhanga ryinjiye murwego rwo hejuru.Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa bwabaye isi nini ku isi n’ibikoresho fatizo bya polyurethane n’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku bicuruzwa, ndetse n’akarere kuzuye cyane mu bijyanye no gukoresha polyurethane.
Nkibyingenzi byingenzi kuri polyurethane, ibikoresho byo kwagura polyurethane nibintu bishobora kwitwara hamwe nitsinda ryimikorere yibikorwa kumurongo wa polymer kumurongo kugirango wagure urunigi rwa molekile no kongera uburemere bwa molekile.Nibikoresho byingirakamaro kugirango bibyare umusaruro wa polyurethane nyinshi.Mugukomatanya ibikoresho bya polyurethane, ibikoresho byo kwagura polyurethane birashobora kugera kubintu bibiri bivura imiti: kwaguka no guhuza imipaka kugirango ugere ku bikorwa byinshi, umusaruro mwinshi wa polyurethane, nko kongera ubukana, elastique, hamwe no gutanyagura urugero rwibikoresho bya polyurethane, n'urwego rwo kurira.Fizika na chimique imikorere yuzuye yo kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya amavuta, kurwanya ikirere no kurwanya ruswa.
一 Uruhare no gutondekanya urwego rwo kwagura urunigi rwa polyurethane
Ibikoresho byo kwagura polyurethane bivuga amine make ya amine hamwe n’ibisindisha birimo amatsinda abiri akora, bishobora kubyara umurongo -ubwoko bwa polymer binyuze muburyo bwo kwagura urunigi.Ukoresheje uburyo butandukanye bwo kwagura urunigi, cyangwa guhindura uburyo bwo kwagura urunigi, imiti yimiti yibiciro bitandukanye iragerwaho, kandi ibikoresho bya polyurethane hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye bisabwa.
Uruhare rwibikoresho byo kwagura polyurethane muguhindura polyurethane synthesis reaction harimo:
.Uburemere bwa molekuline hamwe nuburyo bugaragara birashobora gutuma sisitemu ya reaction ya polyurethane yaguka vuba cyangwa igakomera, ikabyara umurongo ufite uburemere bunini bwa molekile molekile ifite imikorere ya polymer.
(2) Urwego rutandukanye rwagura urunigi rufite reaction zitandukanye.Ukoresheje ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho byo kwagura urunigi hamwe na dosiye, hindura ibishishwa bya reaction, molekile nuburyo bwimiterere kugirango uhuze nibikorwa bya polyurethane nibicuruzwa bya sisitemu zitandukanye nibisabwa ubuziranenge.
. -umuriro unaniza, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya ikirere, kurwanya amavuta, kurwanya ruswa, nibindi.
Ibikoresho byo kwagura polyurethane bigabanyijemo amine, inzoga, n'inzoga.Kuva kumikoreshereze yuburyo bwimikorere nuburyo bukora, kwaguka na diol bishingiye cyane cyane kuri sisitemu yimikorere n'imikorere.Imikorere gakondo yo kwagura urunigi nka Ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanol, na dihydramol imwe ishobora kugabanuka, nibindi, bifite imikorere mike kubicuruzwa bya polyurethane, kandi nibikorwa bisanzwe byo kwagura urunigi.Umukozi wagura urunigi hamwe nibikorwa bigaragara byibikoresho bya polyurethane nibyiciro bibiri: dihanramine ya aromatic na diol ya aromatic.Yitwa urwego rwohejuru rwimikorere yo kwagura ibikorwa.Irangwa nimpeta ikomeye ya benzene.Imbaraga, kurwanya abrasion, kurwanya hagati nibindi bintu.
Ibikoresho byo kwagura diharamine ya aromatic ntabwo aribyingenzi byingenzi byongerwaho ibikoresho bya sisitemu ya polyurethane.Ikwirakwizwa ryinshi, ribi, kandi rinini -gukora polyurethane urwego rwo kwagura urunigi.
Imigenzo gakondo yo gusuka polyurethane ya elastike isanzwe ikosorwa hamwe na tekinike -intambwe ebyiri, ni ukuvuga igihe kitaragera, hanyuma igahuzwa ningingo zo kwagura urunigi kugirango rukomere.Ukurikije ubwoko bwa isocyanate, ibyakozwe birashobora kugabanywa hafi muburyo bwa TDI na MDI.Ugereranije nibiri, ibikorwa bya TDI igihe kitaragera ni bike, kandi bihujwe cyane cyane nogukora kwinshi kwa amine;MDI ibikorwa byateguwe mbere ni byinshi, hamwe na hydroxy-ishingiye kumurongo wagutse hamwe na hydroxyl ikora munsi ya kashe.Ukurikije ibisabwa kugirango ukoreshe ibintu hamwe nibikorwa byibicuruzwa, ni ngombwa cyane guhitamo umukozi ukwirakwiza urwego nyuma yo guhitamo nyuma yubwoko bwa isocyanate.
二--Ibikorwa byinshi bya polyurethane urwego rwo kwagura ibicuruzwa nibiranga porogaramu
2.1 Intambwe nyamukuru ya arammer dihan amine urwego rwo kwagura
Bitewe nuburyo bukora neza hamwe nubwiza buhanitse, imiti ya dihamine ya diomine ya aromatique niyo ikoreshwa cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugukwirakwiza urunigi mubikoresho bya polyurethane.
Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa rya aromatic dianramine yo kwagura cyane cyane harimo 3, 3′-dichlori-4, 4′-diode (MOCA: ubwoko bwa I, ubwoko Ⅱ, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, nibindi), 1,3-propylene glycol Double (4-amino benzoate ). (740m) -250, nibindi), 3,5-bibiri ya Ethylene torneramine (DETDA, izwi kandi nka E-100), 3,5-diracle Sulfenylene (DMTDA, izwi kandi nka E-300) nibindi bicuruzwa.
Incamake y'ibiranga porogaramu no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:
Umukozi wo kwagura urunigi rwa MOCA niwo mwuga wambere wabigize umwuga wo kwagura urunigi rwashoramari mu musaruro w’inganda mu gihugu cyanjye.Nuburyo bukomeye mubushyuhe bwicyumba.Ifite ibiranga ibicuruzwa bya polyurethane bishobora gukoreshwa mubijyanye numutekano no korohereza, bishobora guhura nibiranga ibintu bitandukanye.Ubworoherane bwa polyurethanes ni bwinshi -bwinshi, hejuru -gusa, imyenda-ndende-irwanya, kurwanya ubukana, kurwanya ruswa nibindi bintu byuzuye.Irashobora gukora ibicuruzwa binini-binini.Nibikorwa byuzuye bya aromatic kwaguka kwaguka.Kuva iterambere rya DuPont mu myaka ya za 1950, MOCA yafashe umwanya wingenzi mubijyanye na elastique ya polyurethane.Kugeza ubu nigikoresho kinini cyo kwagura polyurethane.Ndetse birakenewe cyane murwego rwo gusuka polyurethane elastique.Kugeza ubu, abakora MOCA bazwi cyane mu Bushinwa ni: Suzhou Xiangyuan New Materials Co., Ltd. . Hua Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (yahoze yitwa Binhai Mingsheng Chemical Co., Ltd.), Chizhou Tianci High -tech Materials Co., Ltd. ., Ltd., na Katshan Kohshan Inganda Zitunganijwe neza, Ltd.
Mu myaka yashize, iyobowe n’amasosiyete y’Abashinwa, tekinoroji y’umusaruro wa MOCA yarushijeho gutera imbere.Kurugero, Ibikoresho bishya bya Xiangyuan byatsinze ikibazo cyubuzima bwakazi bwabakozi, umwanda ukabije, hamwe n’umutekano udahagije w’umusaruro uhoraho wa hydrogenation ya hydrogenation ya hydrogenation ya hydrogenation ya hydrogenation.Uburyo bukomeza butera hydrogène hydrogène ya acoustique ifite isuku nyinshi hamwe na MOCA itunganya umusaruro, kumenya automatike, ifunze neza, umusaruro wicyatsi, kumenya ibishishwa, ivumbi -ubusa, kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa no kugabanya imyuka yangiza.Igikoresho gikomeza cya MOCA cyahindutse icyamamare kwisi yose ikora ibicuruzwa bya polyurethane.
Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bishya bya Xiangyuan byateje imbere kandi ibikorwa bya Xylink740M na Xylink P bigamije kwagura urunigi, kumenya inganda z’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa, guteza imbere abakora ibikoresho bya polyurethane kuzamura ubuziranenge, kugabanya ibiciro, no kwagura porogaramu.
2.2 Ikintu nyamukuru cya aromatic diol ikwirakwiza kwaguka
Ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane muri diol dilation dioline harimo na fer ya fenil-fenolike hydroxyxyl ishingiye kuri ether (HQEE), interciphenylbenol, hydroxyl ether (HER), hamwe na hydroxyethyl ishingiye kuri fenolike pyrodhenol ivanze (HQEE-L), Hydroxyethylhhexybenol ivanze (HER-L), nibindi, nibindi; ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bya polyurethane kuri sisitemu yo gutunganya MDI, ikaba ari uburyo bwo kwagura urunigi rudafite uburozi kandi bwanduye.Incamake y'ibiranga porogaramu no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi ni ibi bikurikira:
HQEE yo kwagura urunigi ni imiterere ya molekuliyumu ihuza impuzandengo ya aromatic diol yo kwagura.Nibintu bikomeye, bidafite uburozi, umwanda -ubusa, kandi birakaza.Ifite guhuza neza na MDI kandi irashobora kwagura neza ubuzima bwibikoresho.Ibikoresho bishya bya Xiangyuan byateje imbere HQEE, HER, Xylink HQEE-L, Xylinkher-L ikurikirana ryuruhererekane.Ubwiza buri hejuru yibicuruzwa bisa murugo no hanze, kandi ibicuruzwa bigurishwa murugo no hanze.
2.3 Ibindi bikoresho byo kwagura impumuro nziza hamwe nibikorwa bidasanzwe
Hamwe n'izamuka ry’imirima igaragara ya polyurethane, ibikoresho bishya byo kwagura polyurethane hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya porogaramu byatejwe imbere kugira ngo bikemure isoko rya polyurethane.Ibigo bitanga umusaruro byateje imbere ibikorwa bitandukanye byihariye byo kwagura urunigi.
Tianmen Winterine (DMD230) ni urunigi rwagutse rurimo ibiti bibiri amin amino -free, bikoreshwa mugutegura ibishishwa bidafite imbaraga cyangwa byinshi-bikomeye.Ugereranije nibisanzwe spray polyettes, ibicuruzwa bifite igisubizo giciriritse, imikorere myiza, imikorere myiza yubwubatsi, nibikorwa byiza byuzuye.Ifite ububengerane bwiza ningaruka zigaragara hamwe na polycoges mugutegura amavuta ya chloride polycisotripocyanate, ibintu byiza bihindagurika hamwe nubukanishi, ihinduka ryumuhondo-ridashobora guhangana n’umuhondo, kurwanya ruswa neza, kurwanya ikirere neza, no kurinda igihe kirekire.Usibye ibiraro, tunel, nubwoko butandukanye bwa etage hamwe nibyapa byo kumuhanda, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubisabwa murwego rwo hejuru nko gutwikira kurinda hamwe na kajugujugu ikomatanya uruhu rwuruhu rwumuyaga.Umusaruro winganda no kuzamura ibicuruzwa bizafasha iterambere-ryinshi ryiterambere ryimyenda.
Ikwirakwizwa (311) rya aromatic diharamine hamwe na sodium ya chloride ya sodium (311) ni ubwoko bwo guhuza diharamine ya aromatiya hamwe nunyunyu ngugu.Irashobora guhuzwa na polyurethane itandukanye-polystants mubushyuhe bwicyumba.Irakwiriye cyane cyane kumiterere igoye cyangwa nini.Ibicuruzwa byo mukarere, microwave vulcanisation, nibindi bihe bikenera igihe kinini cyo gukora, birashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkumuti ukiza epoxy resin.Ibicuruzwa nkibi birimo Caytur 31DA muri Amerika, Xylink 311, Xiangyuan Ibikoresho bishya.
Ibindi bintu byo mu mazi bikiza nka oxidazole, ketone amine, nibindi birashobora kugabanya amahirwe yo gutwikira cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa kugirango bibyare umusaruro mubyiciro byo hagati byo gukira, kandi bifite umwanya witerambere.
Imiterere yiterambere ryimikorere ya polyurethane
Inganda zanjye zo kwagura polyurethane zifite ishingiro ryiterambere ridakomeye.Mu minsi ya mbere, isoko yo kwagura urunigi rwa polyurethane yo mu gihugu yamye yiharira imishinga mpuzamahanga.Kuva yinjira muri iki kinyejana, itsinda ryamasosiyete yo kwagura urunigi rwa polyurethane rwahagarariwe na Xiangyuan Ibikoresho bishya byashenye monopoliya zamahanga nyuma yimyaka R & D hamwe no gukusanya ikoranabuhanga.Bimwe mubicuruzwa byanjye byo kwagura polyurethane mugihugu cyanjye bigeze kurwego rwibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga bisa.
Nka amine polyurethane yagutse cyane, ibikorwa bya MOCA birakuze, bihamye, biringaniye, kandi birakwiriye mubisubizo.Mu rwego rwo gusuka umubiri wa elastike mubikorwa byo hasi, cyane cyane sisitemu ya TDI, umubare munini wibicuruzwa bya polyurethane byakusanyije umubare munini wibintu bikuze byibicuruzwa bya polyurethane bikuze formulaire Essence MOCA ihagaze neza nibikorwa byayo byageragejwe nyuma yimyaka myinshi yisoko nabakiriya. imyitozo.Igiciro ni kinini.Nyuma yimyaka yo gukoresha, inzitizi yimikorere yashizweho.Ifite uruhare rudasimburwa, kandi umurima wo gusaba uhora waguka.
Ikigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe imiti, nk’ikigo gishinzwe kwemeza Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, cyasohoye raporo ku ya 30 Ugushyingo 2017. Nyuma yo kugereranya ingaruka z’umutekano, imikorere, n’ibiciro by’ibiciro, yasabye ko mu rwego rw’umubiri wa elastike wa polyurethane, ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa bya MOCA Imikorere, ikiguzi -ibikorwa nibindi byiza biragaragara, kandi kuri ubu ntakundi byagenda.
Inganda zo kwagura polyurethane zo mu Bushinwa zatangiye bitinze.Mu minsi ya mbere, kubera urwego ruto rw’ikoranabuhanga rutanga umusaruro, ibikoresho bidashyigikiwe n’ibikoresho bito, hamwe n’impano zidahagije, isoko ryo kwagura urunigi rwa polyurethane mu gihugu ryihariwe ku mishinga mpuzamahanga.Kugeza mu myaka ya za 90, uruganda rwinshi rwo kwagura urunigi rwa polyurethane rwo mu gihugu rwarangije gutsinda monopoliya y’ikoranabuhanga nyuma y’imyaka ya R & D hamwe no kwegeranya tekinike, kandi imikorere y’ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byo kwagura urunigi rwa polyurethane byageze ku rwego rw’ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga bisa.By'umwihariko, ibikoresho bishya bya Xiangyuan byafashe iyambere mu kubaka ibikoresho bya MOCA 10,000 -komeza -komeza.Ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge na tekinike byageze ku rwego rwo hejuru ku isi no mu gihugu imbere.Kugeza ubu, uruganda rwa MOCA rwo mu gihugu rwashoboye kuzuza ibisabwa bya ionamine ku buntu.MOCA ya granulaire hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi -umuhondo -guhindura MOCA mubicuruzwa byuruhererekane rwa MOCA bitoneshwa ninganda za polyurethane.
“Gahunda ya cumi na kabiri yimyaka itanu kuri” Gahunda ya cumi na kabiri Yimyaka 5 ”yinganda za polyurethane irasaba ko usibye kwagura umusaruro w’ibikorwa byo kwagura urunigi rwo mu rwego rwo hejuru MOCA, kuzamura no gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bushya bwo kwagura urunigi MCDEA, E-100 , HER, HQEE nibindi bicuruzwa bigomba kongerwa.Hashingiwe ku bicuruzwa bikurikirana bya MOCA, hamwe no gutandukanya ibikoresho bya polyurethane n'ibicuruzwa, ibindi bicuruzwa bishya byo kwagura urunigi nabyo byagaragaye, bikora imiterere itandukanye n'ibicuruzwa bya MOCA.
Hamwe nogutezimbere ubudahwema ubushakashatsi niterambere ryiterambere, ibicuruzwa bishya byurwego rwohejuru rwimikorere ya aromatic yagura ibintu bifite inyungu zihariye mugusubiza umuvuduko, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, gukora, umutekano no kurengera ibidukikije.Porogaramu imaze gukura, kandi amafaranga yo gusaba akomeje kwaguka.Kurugero, P-1000, P650, P250, 740M, kubera icyatsi kibisi, cyangiza ibidukikije, kitarimo uburozi, gahoro gahoro gafungura isoko ryo gusaba mubice byinshi.Mu myaka yashize, hamwe niterambere hamwe niterambere rya sisitemu ya MDI yangiza ibidukikije, ikoreshwa ryurwego rwo hejuru rwimikorere ya aromatic diol dilateral dilation agent nka HQEE na HER hamwe neza kandi bihujwe na sisitemu ya MDI byiyongereye buhoro buhoro, biha polyurethane elastique. indashyikirwa z'umubiri ibikorwa byihariye nko kurwanya ubushyuhe n'imbaraga zo kurira.Usibye gukora ibicuruzwa bisuka, birashobora no gutanga umusaruro-mwinshi wa thermoplastique ya elastomic ibicuruzwa, bishobora koroherwa.Mubice bisabwa bifite imikorere ihanitse kubikoresho bya polyurethane mubihugu byateye imbere hamwe nibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bya polyurethane, ibikoresho byo kwagura urunigi nka 740m, HQEE, HER byimbitse kubishyira mubikorwa.Umukozi mushya wo kwagura urunigi rwatandukanije ibyiza mubice byihariye, kandi urwego rwa tekiniki ruri hejuru.Kugeza ubu, isoko ryimbere mu gihugu riracyari murwego rwo kuzamura porogaramu.
四 pattern Uburyo bwiterambere ryinganda zo kwagura polyurethane
Inganda za polyurethane muri Amerika ya ruguru no mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba zegeranije imyaka mirongo yiterambere.Inganda zifite imbaraga za tekinike mu nganda, kandi isoko irakuze.Muri icyo gihe, abaguzi muri utu turere bafite ibyo basabwa gukora cyane ku bicuruzwa bya polyurethane, kandi ibyifuzo bishya byo kwagura urunigi birihuta kurusha MOCA.Kugeza ubu, ibihugu byateye imbere nk’Uburayi na Amerika bifite uruhare runini mu gukenera abashoramari bashya.
Ikoreshwa ryinshi rya polyurethane muri Aziya -Akarere k’amahoro n’ibindi bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere bigenda bihinduka imbaraga nyamukuru zikenerwa na polyurethane ku isi.Muri byo, akarere ka Aziya -Amahoro kamaze kuba isoko ry’abaguzi ba polyurethane nini ku isi, bangana na 48% by’umugabane w’isoko ku isi;ibindi bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere nk'Ubuhinde, Burezili, Mexico, n'ibindi, icyifuzo cya polyurethane mu nyubako, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, ibikoresho byo mu rugo n'izindi nganda na byo biriyongera.Nyamara, ugereranije n’ibihugu byateye imbere mu Burayi no muri Amerika, tumwe muri utwo turere muri utwo turere turacyari mu ntangiriro y’inganda.Bumva cyane igiciro cyibikoresho fatizo mu nganda za polyurethane kandi bakita cyane kubiciro no gukora neza.Mugihe kizaza, mugihe kizaza, kariya gace kazakomeza kugumya gukenerwa cyane-MOCAs nyinshi.
Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete akomeye yo kwagura polyurethane ku rwego mpuzamahanga, nka Kazaka Kagosan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd., Reta zunzubumwe z’Amerika zo mu kirere (kugura Winchuang mu 2016), na Coco yo muri Amerika (yaguzwe na Langsheng muri 2017), n'ibindi. ., kwiharira isi Igice kinini cyisoko ryisoko ryogukwirakwiza urunigi, ibigo bimwe na bimwe bidafite iterambere ryinganda -uburyo butandukanye -ubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi bwakuweho ningaruka zubwiza bwibicuruzwa nigiciro, hamwe no kwibanda kumurongo inganda zo kwaguka zarushijeho kwiyongera.Muri icyo gihe, amasosiyete manini kandi yishingikiriza ku mbaraga zikomeye z’ishoramari n’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’iterambere kugira ngo yongere ibikoresho fatizo by’umwuga n’umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa, kandi ashyireho monopole monopole monopole nini -ibicuruzwa fatizo n’ibicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa hamwe n’ibigo bya R & D mu turere dufite umutungo mwiza, amasoko, n'imiterere y'akazi.
5. Imiterere yubu hamwe nicyerekezo cyiterambere cyibikoresho bya polyurethane
Nka nyongera yingirakamaro kubikoresho bya polyurethane, ibikoresho byo kwagura polyurethane bikoreshwa cyane cyane muri sisitemu ya CASE (harimo ibifuniko, ibifunga, ibifunga hamwe na elastike) mubikoresho bya polyurethane.Muri byo, umubiri wa polyurethane wa elastike ni ibikoresho bya polymer synthique hagati ya reberi rusange na plastiki.Ifite ubuhanga bukomeye bwa reberi hamwe nuburemere bukomeye nimbaraga nyinshi za plastiki.Inshuro 5 kugeza ku 10), ifite izina ry '"umwami wambara -kudashobora kwangirika" kandi ifite imbaraga zumukanishi, kurwanya amavuta, kurwanya imiti, kurwanya flexion hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwo guhangana nubushyuhe.Usibye ubwoko busanzwe bwo gusuka hamwe na polymuretique polyurethane yumubiri wa elastike, ibikoresho byumubiri wa polyurethane nabyo birimo ibifatika, ibifuniko, kashe, ibikoresho bya pave, sole, sintetike yimpu, fibre, nibindi bihinduka ibikoresho bya polyurethane.Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza urwego rwa tekiniki, ubuhanga bwa polyurethane bwasimbuwe muri reberi, plastike, nicyuma mubice bitandukanye nkimodoka, ibirombe, gucapa, ibikoresho, gutunganya imashini, siporo, no gutwara abantu.
Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu nzego zibishinzwe, ikoreshwa ry’URUBANZA rwa polyurethane mu Bushinwa (umubiri wa elastique, impuzu, uruhu rw’ubukorikori, kashe hamwe n’ibiti) mu 2021 ryari toni miliyoni 7.77, naho ikigereranyo cy’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka kingana na 11.5% muri 2016-2021 cyari 11.5%.
Ubworoherane bwa polyurethane yo mu Bushinwa mu 2016 bwari toni 925.000, naho umusaruro mu 2021 wageze kuri toni miliyoni 1.5, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka buri mwaka bwa 10.2%;ikigereranyo cy'ubwiyongere bw'umwaka cyo gukoresha cyari 12.5%.Bigereranijwe ko mu 2025, igihugu cyanjye cya polyurethane elastike y’umubiri kizagera kuri toni miliyoni 2.059, kizakomeza kuba mu iterambere ryihuse.
Ku isi hose, umusaruro wa elastomeri wa polyurethane ku isi wageze kuri toni miliyoni 2.52 muri 2016 na toni miliyoni 3.539 mu 2021, buri mwaka umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa 7.0%.Kugeza mu 2025, umusaruro wa polyurethane elastomer ku isi uteganijwe kugera kuri toni miliyoni 4.495, byerekana iterambere ryihuse kandi rihamye.
Thermoplastique polyurethane elastomer (TPU) ifite kwihanganira kwambara neza.Imbaraga zayo zingana ni ndende, ndende, irwanya amavuta, irwanya ubushyuhe buke, irwanya ikirere, hamwe na ozone irwanya iragaragara, kandi intera yo gukomera ni nini.Mu myaka yashize, isoko rya TPU ryagutse kuva mu nganda zinkweto kugera mu masoko yo mu rwego rwo hejuru nka farumasi, indege, no kurengera ibidukikije.Dukurikije imibare, kuva 2014 kugeza 2021, impuzandengo y’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka buri mwaka y’umusaruro wa TPU mu Bushinwa wari hejuru ya 14.5%.Muri 2021, igihugu cyanjye cya TPU cyasohotse hafi toni 645.000.igihugu cyanjye cyahindutse igihugu kinini ku isi gitanga umusaruro wa TPU.Ibisohoka hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongereye mu myaka yashize.
Ukurikije ibisabwa, isoko rya TPU kwisi yose ryibanze muburayi, Amerika, na Aziya -Umuturage wamahoro.Muri byo, akarere ka Aziya kayobowe nu Bushinwa nisoko ryihuta ryakarere mukoresha TPU kwisi yose.Dukurikije imibare ya komite idasanzwe ya Elastike y’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda mu Bushinwa Polyurethane, ngo ibicuruzwa byose bya polyurethane mu gihugu cyanjye mu 2018 byageze kuri toni miliyoni 11.3, muri byo ikoreshwa rya elastomeri ya polyurethane (TPU + CPU) ryari hafi toni miliyoni 1,1% .
TPU iracyari mubicuruzwa bifite iterambere ryihuse muri polyurethane mugihe cya vuba.igihugu cyanjye kibaye igihugu kinini ku isi cy’abaguzi ba TPU.Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, impuzandengo y’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka buri mwaka y’ikoreshwa rya TPU mu Bushinwa muri 2017-2021 yari hejuru ya 12.9%, muri yo muri rusange 2021 yari toni 602.000, ikiyongeraho 11,6% umwaka ushize.Ukurikije umusaruro wa TPU ku isi wa toni miliyoni 1.09 muri 2021, imikoreshereze ya TPU yo mu gihugu yarenze kimwe cya kabiri cyisi.Mugihe kizaza, ibikenerwa byinkweto, firime, imiyoboro, ninsinga bizarushaho gukomera.Mu rwego rwibikoresho byubuvuzi, insinga za kabili, na firime, bizakomeza gusimbuza ibikoresho bya PVC gakondo.Birashoboka cyane gusimbuza EVA murwego rwibikoresho byinkweto.Biteganijwe ko TPU izaguma 10 mugihe kizaza 10 10% Cyangwa byinshi byiterambere.Biteganijwe ko 2026 izakoresha izagera kuri toni 900.000.
Hamwe no kwaguka buhoro buhoro igipimo cy’umusaruro, igiciro cyibicuruzwa bya elastike ya polyurethane biri hasi, ubwoko butandukanye buratandukanye, isoko ryateye imbere, kandi iterambere ryinganda ryihuta.Mugihe cya "Gahunda ya cumi na kane -Yumwaka", inganda za Case zigomba guteza imbere cyane iterambere ryibicuruzwa mu cyerekezo cyamazi-yerekanwe, adashobora gukemuka, kandi -ibikomeye cyane;kongera iterambere rya CASE hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji yubukorikori bwibikoresho fatizo fatizo, wibanda kumazi ya polytianmen -kuri -pyrodramine polyphonus Porogaramu;kwibanda ku gukora amahame ashingiye kumazi nubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga ryubuhanga;kunoza imikorere y'ibicuruzwa, guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya, kwagura umurima wabisabye, no guteza imbere iyubakwa ry'ibikorwa remezo bishya mu nzira ya gari ya moshi, umuhanda munini, umuhanda wa kiraro, guhererekanya amashanyarazi, n'ibindi no gukoresha umurima w'ubuvuzi;guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya tekinike ya polyurethane yometse kuri zero formaldehyde kugirango wongere amasahani yubukorikori;guteza imbere itandukaniro, imikorere, nigiciro kinini -yongerewe ibicuruzwa bya amoniya;gushimangira ubushakashatsi nogukoresha tekinoroji ya polyurethane yububiko bwamazi adafite amazi, imikorere, igihe kirekire;Teza imbere ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bya polyurethane mumazu yubatswe.
Icyerekezo nyamukuru cyiterambere cyumurima wa elastomer ni:
Polyurethane elastomers kumodoka.Inganda zitwara abagenzi muri iki gihe ziratera imbere zigana ku mikorere yo hejuru, ireme ryiza, uburemere bworoshye, ihumure n'umutekano.Ibikoresho bya reberi na plastike bigenda bisimbuza buhoro buhoro ibikoresho byibyuma, bifungura ibyiringiro byinshi byo gukoresha elastomers ya polyurethane.
Polyurethane elastomers yo kubaka.Ibikoresho gakondo bya asfalt byumvaga bitarimo amazi byasimbuwe buhoro buhoro nibikoresho biramba, byubaka polyurethane;Gushyira mu bikorwa siporo ya polyurethane ni byinshi kandi byinshi.Ihuriro ryaguka rya Bridges nini, ibitotsi bya gari ya moshi yihuta, umuhanda wikibuga cyindege hamwe na caulking umuhanda nabyo bigenda bikorwa buhoro buhoro bikozwe na PVC elastomer ikomera mubushyuhe bwicyumba.
Polyurethane elastomer yo gukoresha ibyanjye.Hano harakenewe cyane ibikoresho bitari ibyuma bifite imbaraga nyinshi zidashobora kwangirika, imbaraga nyinshi hamwe na elastique mumabuye yamakara, ibyuma nibyuma bitari ibyuma.
Polyurethane elastomer yinkweto.Polychloride ester elastique ifite ibyiza byo gukora neza, uburemere bworoshye, kwambara nabi, kurwanya skid, nibindi, byahindutse ibikoresho byingenzi byunganira inkweto.
Polyurethane elastomer yo gukoresha ubuvuzi.Biocompatibilité nziza, guhuza amaraso kandi nta nyongeramusaruro nimpamvu zingenzi zogukoresha ibikoresho bya TPU na CPU murwego rwubuvuzi.Ikoreshwa ryayo mubuvuzi nubuzima ni mugari cyane.
Urupapuro rushya rwa polyurethane.Ikoranabuhanga ryibikoresho biteganijwe kuzana ibihe bishya byo guturika kumasoko ya polyurethane.
六 Inganda zo kwagura urunigi rwa Polyurethane "14th Five -Year Plan" inzira yiterambere
Urebye ku isi hose, iterambere ryihuse ry’ubwubatsi, inganda z’imodoka, ibikoresho by’ubutasi bwa elegitoronike, ingufu nshya n’inganda zo kurengera ibidukikije byatumye cyane ibicuruzwa bikenerwa na polyurethane.Ibihangange bya polyurethane kwisi yose bikomeje guhanga udushya no gukoresha, kandi bizakomeza guteza imbere iterambere n’umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa bishya bya polyurethane.Hamwe no kwagura ibicuruzwa bya polyurethane mu murima no ku isoko ry’isoko ryo hepfo y’isoko, ibyifuzo bitandukanye ku bicuruzwa bya polyurethane bizateza imbere guhanga udushya no guteza imbere urwego rw’urunigi rwa polyurethane.
Mu myaka 10 iri imbere, ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa bya polyurethane mubice bimwe na bimwe bizatera imbere byihuse.Impuguke mu nganda zisesengura ko isi ikenera polyurethane iziyongera ku gipimo cya 4.5% ku mwaka.Muri byo, impuzandengo y’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ikenerwa na polyurethane ikigereranyo cya 5.7% mu bijyanye na firigo, inkweto, imyenda, imyidagaduro n’izindi nzego.Ibisabwa mu bicuruzwa byiyongereyeho gato, kandi biteganijwe ko bizaba hafi 3,3% ku mwaka.Ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu karere ka Aziya -Amahoro yatewe inkunga n’ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo kwagura ibikorwa byo hasi, kandi icyifuzo cya polyurethanes kizagera ku gipimo cy’ubwiyongere bubiri buri mwaka.
Nkibikoresho byingenzi byinganda za polyurethane, uruganda rwanjye rwongera polyurethane rugomba gushyira mubikorwa igitekerezo gishya cyiterambere.Hasi, insanganyamatsiko yo guteza imbere iterambere-ryinshi ryinganda zinganda za polyurethane, hagamijwe guteza imbere inganda za polyurethane kugirango yihutishe iyubakwa ryuburyo bushya bwiterambere rya "dual -cycle", yibanda ku cyatsi kibisi, karuboni nkeya, na digitale guhinduka., Kwihutisha iyubakwa rya sisitemu yinganda zigezweho, guteza imbere "ibitagenda neza" byibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, "fata high -end" ikoranabuhanga ryingenzi, "fungura umuhanda mushya" mubicuruzwa gakondo, kandi uteze imbere igihugu cyanjye kuva muri polyurethane kijya a igihugu gikomeye.
Kugeza ubu, kwagura urunigi rwa polyurethane byabaye kimwe mu bikoresho bya polyurethane bikenewe mu mishinga minini y’ibikorwa remezo by’igihugu.Inganda zaguye za polyurethane zirimo kongera ishoramari mu guhanga udushya, gutera imbere mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije, gukora neza no mu rwego rwo hejuru.Kwibanda kubikenewe mu kirere, amakuru ya elegitoronike, ingufu nshya, amamodoka, gari ya moshi yihuta, gari ya moshi, umuhanda munini, Ikiraro kinini, ubuvuzi n’inganda z’ingabo z’igihugu, guhindura no gushyira mu bikorwa urwego rushya rwa polyurethane rwagura ibikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga byihutishwa mu kuzamura iterambere urwego rusange rwiterambere rwinganda za polyurethane.
Icyerekezo cyiterambere cyinganda zo kwagura polyurethane nugutezimbere ibicuruzwa byiza byujuje ubuziranenge, icyatsi kibisi hamwe nibikorwa byinshi byo kurengera ibidukikije.Ntabwo isukuye gusa kandi idafite umwanda mubikorwa byo kuyibyaza umusaruro, ariko kandi ifite umutekano nicyatsi mugikorwa cyo gukoresha kugirango iteze imbere icyatsi cyibicuruzwa bya polyurethane.Icya kabiri, kugirango turusheho kwagura ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa byongerewe urunigi, kugirango urwego rwumwuga rusanzwe rwuzuye rwuzuye imbaraga nshya.Urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rwa bimwe mu bigo byagura imiyoboro ya polyurethane yo mu gihugu bingana n'iby'amasosiyete mpuzamahanga, ariko ubushakashatsi burakenewe burakenewe kugira ngo abakoresha benshi bamenye ibyiza by'ibicuruzwa, cyane cyane mu guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bya diyama ya aromatique ikora neza kandi ikora neza, kandi gukoresha imbaraga zo guhuza urunigi kugirango uzigame ingufu kandi ugabanye gukoresha nigiciro.Icya gatatu ni ugutezimbere ibicuruzwa bishya ukurikije isoko, gutanga ibicuruzwa byiza kandi byujuje ubuziranenge ku nganda za polyurethane, kugirango bikemuke ku isoko ryo hepfo no kwagura ibikorwa.
Kubikoresho bya polyurethane byoroshye, kwagura urunigi ningirakamaro kandi yingirakamaro yongeweho hamwe ninshi kandi byongerewe agaciro, bifite akamaro kanini mugutezimbere imikorere yibicuruzwa.Byongeye kandi, mubindi bikoresho bya polyurethane ndetse na plastiki ya furo, kwagura urunigi rwa polyurethane bigira ingaruka zigaragara mukuzamura imikorere yibicuruzwa.Mu nganda za polyurethane, umwanya wa polyurethane wagura isoko ni nini.Kugirango dutezimbere kandi tuyobore iterambere ryujuje ubuziranenge bwinganda za polyurethane, birakenewe gushimangira ubushakashatsi bwakozwe no guteza imbere umugozi wa polyurethane, no guteza imbere ubwoko bwiza kandi bwinshi bwurwego rwa polyurethane rwagutse hashingiwe ku kwita kubuzima, ingufu kuzigama, umutekano no kurengera ibidukikije no gukoresha imikorere, kugirango utange umusanzu munini mubuzima bwiza bwabantu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-08-2023